Question No.1

Answer:

Grapevine communication:

Every organization has an informal communication network that is known as Grapevine. It supplements official channel. It is important source of information. It is casual conversation of an organization.

It is called so because it stretches throughout the organization in all directions

Irrespective of the authority levels Man as we know is a social animal.

Despite existence of formal channels in an organization, the informal channels tend to develop when he interacts with other people in organization. It exists more at lower levels of an organization. Which they form unions. Sometimes the managers show preferential treatment and favor some employees giving a segregated feeling to other employees. Thus, when employees sense a need to exchange their views, they go for grapevine network as they cannot use the formal channel of communication in that case.

Generally during breaks in cafeteria, the subordinates talk about their superior’s attitude and behavior and exchange views with their peers. They discuss rumours about promotion and transfer of other employees. Thus, grapevine spreads like fire and it is not easy to trace the cause of such communication at times.

Examples of Grapevine Network of Communication:

1. CEO may be in relation to the Production Manager. They may have friendly relations with each other.

2. Suppose the profit amount of a company is known. Rumour is spread that this much profit is there and on that basis bonus is declared.

Advantages of Grapevine Communication:

1. Grapevine channels carry information rapidly. As soon as an employee gets to know some

2. The managers get to know the reactions of their subordinates on their policies. Thus, the feedback obtained is quick compared to formal channel of communication.

3. The grapevine creates a sense of unity among the employees who share and discuss their views with each other. Thus, grapevine helps in developing group cohesiveness.

4. The grapevine serves as an emotional supportive value.

5. The grapevine is a supplement in those cases where formal communication does not work. Confidential information, he becomes inquisitive and passes the details then to his closest friend who in turn passes it to other.

Disadvantages of Grapevine Communication:

1. The grapevine carries partial information at times as it is more based on rumours. Thus, it does not clearly depict the complete state of affairs.

2. The grapevine is not trustworthy always as it does not follow official path of communication and is spread more by gossips and unconfirmed report.

3. The productivity of employees may be hampered as they spend more time talking rather than working.

4. The grapevine leads to making hostility against the executives.

5. The grapevine may hamper the goodwill of the organization as it may carry false negative information about the high level people of the organization.

A smart manager should take care of all the disadvantages of the grapevine and try to minimize them. At the same time, he should make best possible use of advantages of grapevine. Grapevine is a effective communication.

Question No.2

Answer:

Rhetorical Theory:

Rhetorical theory is based on the available means of persuasion. That is, a speaker who is interested in persuading his or her audience should consider three rhetorical proofs:

Logical, emotional, and ethical Audiences are key to effective persuasion as well.

Rhetorical syllogism, requiring audiences to supply missing pieces of a speech, are also used in persuasion.

Why is it more important than two other theories of communication?

1. Third set of theorists add more dimensions to our understanding of the communication process:
2. Communication is not linear, but circular; not just sending a message to be received, but producing a response; not static, but dynamic.
3. Rhetorical theorists provide an important addition to a communication model for business communicators.
4. Many people caught up in the accuracy forget third crucial variable, producing the desiredresponse form their audience.
5. This model is circular, not linear

Question No.3

Answer:

1. For further detail contact at 555-0001.

2. Please enclosed is a copy of the required document.

3. Due to forecast of heavy rain for June 13, the picnic was rescheduled for June 20.
4. He is an admirable man.

5. Ventura County is in California.

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Suppose you are manager of a multinational operating in UAE, your workforce constitutes of people from Pakistan, India, China, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh and Belgium. How will you successfully manage this workforce to achieve organizational goals effectively and efficiently?

ANSWER;

Being a manager of a multinational operating in UAE, I shall take following steps to successfully manage this workforce to achieve organizational goals effectively and efficiently;

·      I shall try my best to be unfair.

·      I shall have a polite and respective behavior towards every employee.

·      I shall try to separate people from their own nationality.

·      I shall create an atmosphere which will make the people of different nation as one nation.

·      The employees will be ordered to speak the National language of UAE and not speak their native language.

·      They will be paid equally on the basis of their performance.

·      No discrepancy will be allowed.

·      The employees will be given proper leaves on their religious ceremonies.

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China Toys Manufacturing Company Ltd.,

Cost of Goods Manufactured and Sold Statement.

For the period ended on 31^st Dec, 2009

Particulars	Rs.	Rs.
Direct Material
Opening Material	8000
+Material Purchased	+90000
Material Available for use	98000
-Closing Inventory	-43000
Material Consumed	55000
+Direct Labour	+35000
Prime Cost 60% of C.G.M (W-3)		90000
+FOH 30% of the Conversion (W-2)		+15000
Total Factory Cost		105000
+Opening Work in Process		+70000
Cost of Goods to be Manufactured		175000
-Closing Work in Process		-25000
Cost of Goods Manufactured		150000
+Opening Finished Goods		+50000
Cost of Goods Available forSale		200000
-Closing Finished Goods		-48800
Cost of Goods Sold (W-1)		151200

China Toys Manufacturing Company Ltd.,

Income Statement.

For the period ended on 31^st Dec, 2009

Particulars	Rs.	Rs.
Sale		218800
-Sales Return		-28000
Net Sale		216000
-Cost of Goods Sold		-151200
Gross Profit		64800
-Selling and Administration Expenses
Selling Expenses 5% of Net Sale(W-4)	10800
-Administration Expenses 8% of Net Sale (W-5)	17280	28080
Operating Profit		36720
-Financial Expenses		-600
Net Profit		36120

(W-1)

Net Sale = 218800-2800 = 216000

Net Sale = Cost of Gods Sold+ Gross Profit

216000= Cost of Goods Sold+30% of Sale

216000= Cost of Goods Sold+30% of 216000

216000= Cost of Goods Sold+64800

216000-64800 = Cost of Goods Sold

151200 = Cost of Goods Sold

(W-2) Reverse Calculation:-

Conversion Cost = Direct Labour + Factory Over Head

Conversion Cost =70%+30%

Conversion Cost =70%35000+30% of Conversion Cost

Total Conversion Cost = 35000*100/70

Total Conversion Cost 35000*100/70

Total Conversion Cost = 50000

Factory Overhead = 30%of 50000

Factory Overhead = 50000*30/100

Factory Overhead = 15000

Working.3:

Ending Finished Goods Inventory=?

Ending Finished Goods Inventory=

Cost of goods available for sale-Cost of Goods Sold

Ending Finished Goods Inventory= Rs.200,000-Rs.151,200

Ending Finished Goods Inventory=Rs.48800

Working.4:

Cost of Goods Manufactured=?

Cost of Goods Manufactured= Cost of goods available for sale-Opening Finished Goods Inventory

Cost of Goods Manufactured= Rs.200,000-Rs.50,000

Cost of Goods Manufactured= Rs.150,000

Working.5:

Prime Cost=?

In the given statement of Question there is Prime cost (60% of Cost of Goods Manufactured)

SO,

Prime Cost= Rs.150,000*60%

Prime Cost= Rs. 90,000

Working.6:

Total Current Factory Cost=?

Total Current Factory Cost=

Prime Cost +Factory Over Head Cost

Total Current Factory Cost= Rs.90,000+Rs.15,000

Total Current Factory Cost= Rs.105,000

Working.7:

Cost Of Goods to be Manufactured=?

Cost Of Goods to be Manufactured=

Total Current Factory Cost+ Opening Work in Process Inventory

Cost Of Goods to be Manufactured= Rs.105,000+Rs.70,000

Cost Of Goods to be Manufactured= Rs.175,000

Working.8:

Ending Work in Process Inventory=?

Ending Work in Process Inventory=

Cost Of Goods to be Manufactured-Cost Of Goods Manufactured

Ending Work in Process Inventory=Rs.175000-Rs.150,000

Ending Work in Process Inventory= Rs. 25,000

Working.9:

Direct Material used=?

Direct Material used= Prime Cost - Direct Labor

Direct Material used= Rs.90,000 – Rs.35,000

Direct Material used= Rs.55,000

Working.10:

Material Closing Inventory=?

Material Closing Inventory=

Material available for use – Total material used

Material Closing Inventory= Rs.98,000 – Rs55,00

Material Closing Inventory= Rs.43,000

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Scenario

Sitara Textile is one of the renowned textile companies in Pakistan. It has a strong supply chain network of raw material since its establishment in order to fulfill its customers demand on time. ABC Co. one of the raw material suppliers of Sitara Textile is in short financing and need Rs. 500,000 to enhance its production facility. ABC Co. requests Sitara Textile to lend the required amount for the period of 3 years. Sitara Textile agrees and guaranteed ABC Co. the loan on certain basis for the said period.

Question
Your comments require in this regard whether Sitara Textile would disclose this financial information while preparing financial statements, which will publish later? Your answer must be confined in two to three lines.

Solution idea:-

Sitara Textile will disclose the information about the loan in financial statement which is given to ABC Co. Because there is no any negetive effect of disclosing the information of debt in financial statement it will increases the assets of the Sitara Textile and which increases the financial position of the Sitara Textile. And the supply chain network of raw material will also become more strong.

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The Ford Motor Company entered the 1980s with two years of losses totaling over $1.6 billion, and then-chairman Donald E. Petersen grew to realize that consumers were disappointed in the performance of automobiles built In the United States. He had to restore customer, satisfaction by improving quality and put the company back into overdrive by increasing productivity.

One of Petersen’s first moves was an appeal for help from quality guru W. Edwards Deming, who started by ‘focusing management attention on processes and the people involved in those processes. Next, under the banner “Quality is Job 1,” Petersen instituted an array of programs designed to increase quality and productivity by obtaining greater input from customers, employees, and suppliers. New consumer surveys, dubbed competitive new vehicle quality (CNVQ) studies are reviewed twice a month at meetings that typically involve 100 Ford people and List from four to seven hours, Consumer comments are used to tune the design and performance standards of Ford cars to better provide what customers want.

An employee involvement (El) program was designed to obtain as much input as possible from the company’s employees. In the spirit of participative management, managers and employees are now expected to share power in the workplace, solving problems jointly. Every week, more than 30 of these El warns meet to discuss new ideas for improving Ford cars. In the company’s new design for a Lincoln Town Car, over 2,600 suggestions from employees were incorporated into the final product.

From the above case study determine the following

1. How TQ organizations differs from the traditional organizations in terms of

a. Changing Relationship with Customers and Supplier 5

Answer : In traditional management, quality is defined as adherence to internal specifications and standards. Quality is defined as adherence to internal specifications and standards. Quality is measured only by the absence of defects. Inspection of people’s work by others is necessary to control defects. In TQ, quality is defined as products and services beyond present needs and expectations of customers. Innovation is required to meet and exceed customers’ needs. Traditional management places customers outside of the enterprise and within the domain of marketing and sales. TQ views everyone inside the enterprise as a customer of an internal or external supplier, and a supplier of an external or internal customer. Marketing concepts and tools can be used to assess internal customer needs and to communicate internal supplier capabilities.

b. Motivation 5

Answer : TQ organizations support the premise of workers are self-motivated, seek responsibility, and exhibit a high degree of imagination and creativity at work. TQ managers provide leadership rather than overt intervention in the processes of their subordinates, who are viewed as process managers rather than functional specialists. People are motivated to make meaningful contributions to what they believe is an important and noble cause, of value to the enterprise and society. TQ reward systems recognize individual as well as team contributions and reinforce cooperation.

c. Management and Leadership 5

Answer : Traditional management views people as interchangeable commodities, developed to meet the perceived needs of the enterprise. People are passive contributors with little autonomy-doing what they are told and nothing more. TQ views people as the enterprise’s true competitive edge. Leadership provides people with opportunities for personal growth and development. People are able to take pride and joy in learning and accomplishment, and the ability of the enterprise to succeed is enhanced. People are active contributors, valued for their creativity and intelligence. Every person is a process manager presiding over the transformation of inputs to outputs of greater value to the enterprise and to the ultimate customer. 5

2. How did Ford motors get competitive advantage on the basis of quality strategy? 5

Answer : Ford as company take the lead started by ‘focusing management attention on processes and the people involved in those processes.

Next move is “Quality is Job 1,” implement an array of programs designed to increase quality and productivity by obtaining greater input from customers, employees, and suppliers and further revised consumer surveys, dubbed Competitive new vehicle quality (CNVQ) studies are reviewed twice a month at meetings that typically involve 100 Ford people and lasted from four to seven hours, Consumer comments are used to tune the design and performance standards of Ford cars to better provide what customers want.

An employee involvement (El) program was designed to obtain as much input as possible from the company’s employees. In the spirit of participative management, managers and employees are now expected to share power in the workplace, solving problems jointly.

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Question # 1 of 15 ( Start time: 01:38:42 PM ) Total Marks: 1

According to Empiricism, which of the following is the ultimate source of all our concepts and knowledge?

Select correct option:

Perceptions

Theory

Sensory experience

Logics and arguments

Question # 2 of 15 ( Start time: 01:40:02 PM ) Total Marks: 1

The organization of concepts in sequence from the most concrete and individual to the most general indicates is:

Select correct option:

One that bears no relation to the underlying concept.

An abstract, theoretical definition of a concept.

The degree of abstraction

An operational definition

Question # 3 of 15 ( Start time: 01:41:06 PM ) Total Marks: 1

The facts that should be collected to measure a variable, depend upon the

Select correct option:

Conceptual understanding

Dictionary meaning

Operational definition

All of the above

Question # 4 of 15 ( Start time: 01:42:22 PM ) Total Marks: 1

Which of the following is not a concept?

Select correct option:

Leadership

Total Quality Management

Human Resource Management

IQ

Question # 5 of 15 ( Start time: 01:43:28 PM ) Total Marks: 1

Which one of the following is not an assumption of science?

Select correct option:

There are reoccurring patterns in the world.

Events happen because of preceding causes.

We can discover solutions to problems of interest.

Theoretical explanations must agree with common sense.

Question # 6 of 15 ( Start time: 01:44:39 PM ) Total Marks: 1

What research is?

Select correct option:

A lab experiment

A report

A systematic Enquiry

A procedure

Question # 7 of 15 ( Start time: 01:45:22 PM ) Total Marks: 1

The independent variable is;

Select correct option:

The variable manipulated in order to observe its effects

The variable that is measured

The free spirited variable

A confounding variable

Question # 8 of 15 ( Start time: 01:46:07 PM ) Total Marks: 1

Which of the following steps of the scientific method is exemplified by the researcher reviewing the literature and focusing on a specific problem that has yet to be resolved?

Select correct option:

Identify a topic.

Describe the procedures to collect information.

Analyze the collected information.

State the results of the data analysis.

Question # 9 of 15 ( Start time: 01:47:26 PM ) Total Marks: 1

To explain, predict, and/or control phenomena are the goal of----------------------

Select correct option:

Tradition

Inductive logic

Deductive logic

The scientific method

Question # 10 of 15 ( Start time: 01:48:21 PM ) Total Marks: 1

A variable is:

Select correct option:

Any characteristic of interest that can take on more than one value

Defined as the groups manipulated in experimental research

The complete set of scores we use in statistical analysis

Completely specified only in observational research

Question # 11 of 15 ( Start time: 01:49:48 PM ) Total Marks: 1

When we say that science is parsimonious, we mean that:

Select correct option:

Scientific theories are based on laws.

We must be careful because causes can occur after specific effects.

The best scientific theories are those that offer the simplest explanations for a law.

Science accurately describes a wide range of behavior.

Question # 12 of 15 ( Start time: 01:50:45 PM ) Total Marks: 1

If a researcher is studying the effect of using laptops in his classroom to ascertain their merit and worth, he is likely conducting which type of research?

Select correct option:

Basic

Applied

Evaluation

Experimental

Question # 13 of 15 ( Start time: 01:51:32 PM ) Total Marks: 1

To say that a theory is falsifiable is to say that;

Select correct option:

It is based on results that are not replicable.

Investigators have replaced it with a simpler or more accurate theory.

We can imagine results that would contradict it.

It is so vague that it fits any and all possible results.

Question # 14 of 15 ( Start time: 01:52:05 PM ) Total Marks: 1

The following journal article would be an example of _____ research; "The benefits of florescent lighting on production in a factory setting."

Select correct option:

Applied

Interview

Basic

Stupid

Question # 15 of 15 ( Start time: 01:53:29 PM ) Total Marks: 1

Which of the following is not a function of clearly identified research questions?

Select correct option:

They guide your literature search.

They keep you focused throughout the data collection period.

They make the scope of your research as wide as possible.

They are linked together to help you construct a coherent argument.

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