Biographies:
Timur’s generally recognized biographers are Ali Yazdi, commonly called Sharaf ud-Din, author of the Zafarnāmeh (Persian: ظفرنامه), translated by Petis de la Croix in 1722, and from French into English by J. Darby in the following year; and Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Abdallah, al-Dimashiqi, al-Ajami (commonly called Ahmad Ibn Arabshah) translated by the Dutch Orientalist Colitis in 1636. In the work of the former, as Sir William Jones remarks, “the Tatarian conqueror is represented as a liberal, benevolent and illustrious prince”, in that of the latter he is “deformed and impious, of a low birth and detestable principles.” But the favourable account was written under the personal supervision of Timur’s grandson, Ibrahim, while the other was the production of his direst enemy.
Among less reputed biographies or materials for biography may be mentioned a second Zafarnāmeh, by Nizam al-Din Shami, stated to be the earliest known history of Timur, and the only one written in his lifetime. Timur’s purported autobiography, the Tuzk-e-Taimuri (“Memoirs of Temur”) is a later fabrication, although most of the historical facts are accurate.
More recent biographies include Justin Marozzi’s Tamerlane: Sword of Islam, Conqueror of the World (2006) and Roy Stier’s Tamerlane: The Ultimate Warrior (1998).
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