Archive for October 2010

Admin

Question # 1 of 15 ( Start time: 01:38:28 AM ) Total Marks: 1
If a researcher is studying the effect of using laptops in his classroom to ascertain their merit and worth, he is likely conducting which type of research?
Select correct option:

Basic
Applied
Evaluation
Experimental

Question # 2 of 15 ( Start time: 01:39:40 AM ) Total Marks: 1
What is opposite of a variable?
Select correct option:

A constant
An extraneous variable
A dependent variable
A data set

Question # 3 of 15 ( Start time: 01:40:30 AM ) Total Marks: 1
Which of the following is not a feature of theoretical framework?
Select correct option:

Making an inventory of variables
Specify the direction of relationship
Presenting findings
Making an inventory of propositions

Question # 4 of 15 ( Start time: 01:41:50 AM ) Total Marks: 1
Which of the following is a discrete variable?
Select correct option:

Age
Nationality
Test score
Income

Question # 5 of 15 ( Start time: 01:42:35 AM ) Total Marks: 1
In ______________ we collect same type of information from different respondents in different times.
Select correct option:

Cohort study
Time series Research
Panel study
Case studies

Question # 6 of 15 ( Start time: 01:44:02 AM ) Total Marks: 1
Why, as scientists, do we not want to rely on authority for explanations?
Select correct option:

Those in authority are often wrong.
Those in authority cannot be challenged.
Those in authority rely too much on objective information.
Those in authority often have no common sense.

Question # 7 of 15 ( Start time: 01:45:06 AM ) Total Marks: 1
Which of the following is most beneficial to read in an article?
Select correct option:

Methods
Introduction
Figures
References

Question # 8 of 15 ( Start time: 01:45:35 AM ) Total Marks: 1
Why do you need to review the existing literature?
Select correct option:

To give your dissertation a proper academic appearance, with lots of references
Because without it, you could never reach the required word-count
To find out what is already known about your area of interest
To help in your general studying

Question # 9 of 15 ( Start time: 01:46:10 AM ) Total Marks: 1
Which of the following is the least appropriate research problem?
Select correct option:

Does studying Latin improve the standardized vocabulary test scores of seventh grade students?
Does drilling fifth grade students with multiplication facts improve their standardized test scores?
What is the relationship between students' math attitudes and math achievement?
Should students have access to controversial novels in school?

Question # 10 of 15 ( Start time: 01:47:19 AM ) Total Marks: 1
Null hypothesis states:
Select correct option:

Absence of relationship
Existence of relationship
The direction of relationship
Casual relationship

Question # 11 of 15 ( Start time: 01:48:49 AM ) Total Marks: 1
Basic and Applied Research are the classifications of research on the basis of:
Select correct option:

Use of the research
Time dimension
Techniques used
Purpose of the research

Question # 12 of 15 ( Start time: 01:50:18 AM ) Total Marks: 1
What is a cross-sectional research?
Select correct option:

A study of one particular section of society
A comparison of two or more variables over a long period of time
The collection of data from more than one case at one moment in time
One that is conducted when environment is uncertain

Question # 13 of 15 ( Start time: 01:51:43 AM ) Total Marks: 1
What is the variable called that a researcher manipulates in an experiment?
Select correct option:

Dependent variable
Independent variable
Extraneous variable
None of the given options

Question # 14 of 15 ( Start time: 01:52:48 AM ) Total Marks: 1
Which of the following is Not a part of research design?
Select correct option:

Data collection technique
Tool of data collection
Objectives of the study
Data processing and analysis

Question # 15 of 15 ( Start time: 01:54:06 AM ) Total Marks: 1
A variable is:
Select correct option:

Any characteristic of interest that can take on more than one value
Defined as the groups manipulated in experimental research
The complete set of scores we use in statistical analysis
Completely specified only in observational research

...........

Question # 1 of 15 ( Start time: 02:13:44 AM ) Total Marks: 1
Null hypothesis states:
Select correct option:

Absence of relationship
Existence of relationship
The direction of relationship
Casual relationship

Question # 2 of 15 ( Start time: 02:14:08 AM ) Total Marks: 1
What is the variable called that a researcher manipulates in an experiment?
Select correct option:

Dependent variable
Independent variable
Extraneous variable
None of the given options

Question # 3 of 15 ( Start time: 02:14:23 AM ) Total Marks: 1
The facts that should be collected to measure a variable, depend upon the
Select correct option:

Conceptual understanding
Dictionary meaning
Operational definition
All of the above

Question # 4 of 15 ( Start time: 02:14:54 AM ) Total Marks: 1
What is a cross-sectional research?
Select correct option:

A study of one particular section of society
A comparison of two or more variables over a long period of time
The collection of data from more than one case at one moment in time
One that is conducted when environment is uncertain

Question # 5 of 15 ( Start time: 02:15:13 AM ) Total Marks: 1
Which one of the following tasks is NOT accomplished by theoretical framework?
Select correct option:

Elaborate the relationship among the variables
Explain the logic underlying the relationship between the variables.
Describe the nature, and direction of the relationships among the variables.
Relates the previous studies.

Question # 6 of 15 ( Start time: 02:16:37 AM ) Total Marks: 1
The elaboration of the variables in the theoretical framework addresses which type of qestions?
Select correct option:

Why we expect certain relationships to exist
How we expect certain relationships to exist
Both of the given questions
None of the given questions

Question # 7 of 15 ( Start time: 02:17:35 AM ) Total Marks: 1
What is the first step in the research process?
Select correct option:

Preliminary data collection
Problem definition
Theoretical framework
Define broad problem area

Question # 8 of 15 ( Start time: 02:18:33 AM ) Total Marks: 1
Qualitative and Quantitative Research are the classifications of research on the basis of
Select correct option:

Use of the research
Time dimension
Techniques used
Purpose of the research

Question # 9 of 15 ( Start time: 02:18:46 AM ) Total Marks: 1
Quantitative researcher's preoccupation with generalization is an attempt to:
Select correct option:

Develop the law like findings of the natural sciences.
Boost their chances of publication.
Enhance the internal validity of their research.
Demonstrate the complex techniques of statistical analysis.

Question # 10 of 15 ( Start time: 02:19:13 AM ) Total Marks: 1
Which of the following is an example of value-free research?
Select correct option:

Conscious favor
Sympathy for the loser
Unstructured interviewing
None of the given options

Question # 11 of 15 ( Start time: 02:20:01 AM ) Total Marks: 1
Ms. Roshi has been coordinating the Annual Festival at her school for the last several years. She wants to be sure the students and parents enjoy the festival again this year. On which source is she LEAST likely to rely when making decisions about what to do?
Select correct option:

Tradition
Personal experience
Research
Expert opinion

Question # 12 of 15 ( Start time: 02:21:25 AM ) Total Marks: 1
Which of the following is NOT a legitimate research problem as stated?
Select correct option:

What is the relationship between the number of books children read and their reading scores?
Should competitive games be banned from elementary schools?
What does it mean to be a special needs child "included" in Ms. Amara’s fourth grade class?
What are the major legal principles applied to educational cases decided by the Supreme Court?

Question # 13 of 15 ( Start time: 02:22:45 AM ) Total Marks: 1
What is the basis of the Scientific Method?
Select correct option:

To test hypotheses in conditions that are condusive to its success.
To formulate a research problem and disprove the hypothesis.
To formulate a research problem, test the hypothesis in carefully controlled conditions that challenge the hypothesis.
To test hypotheses and if they are disproved, they should be abandoned completely.

Question # 14 of 15 ( Start time: 02:23:54 AM ) Total Marks: 1
What is the final step of a scientific investigation?
Select correct option:

Analyze data
Collect data
Report the findings
Determine whether the hypothesis was supported

Question # 15 of 15 ( Start time: 02:25:23 AM ) Total Marks: 1
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a good research topic?
Select correct option:

It is ethical.
It can be investigated through the collection and analysis of data.
It focuses on a philosophical or ethical issue.
It is theoretically or practically significant.

.................

Question # 1 of 15 ( Start time: 03:03:37 AM ) Total Marks: 1
Qualitative and Quantitative Research are the classifications of research on the basis of
Select correct option:

Use of the research
Time dimension
Techniques used
Purpose of the research

Question # 2 of 15 ( Start time: 03:04:12 AM ) Total Marks: 1
A literature review requires;
Select correct option:

planning
clear writing
good writing
All of the given option

Question # 3 of 15 ( Start time: 03:05:18 AM ) Total Marks: 1
A Literature review that summarizes what is known at a point in time is known as:
Select correct option:

Narrative literature review
Systematic literature review
Integrative review
Historical review

Question # 4 of 15 ( Start time: 03:06:27 AM ) Total Marks: 1
What is the final step of a scientific investigation?
Select correct option:

Analyze data
Collect data
Report the findings
Determine whether the hypothesis was supported

Question # 5 of 15 ( Start time: 03:07:01 AM ) Total Marks: 1
According to Empiricism, which of the following is the ultimate source of all our concepts and knowledge?
Select correct option:

Perceptions
Theory
Sensory experience
Logics and arguments

Question # 6 of 15 ( Start time: 03:07:30 AM ) Total Marks: 1
Which of the following is an example of value-free research?
Select correct option:

Conscious favor
Sympathy for the loser
Unstructured interviewing
None of the given options

Question # 7 of 15 ( Start time: 03:08:53 AM ) Total Marks: 1
The independent variable is;
Select correct option:

The variable manipulated in order to observe its effects
The variable that is measured
The free spirited variable
A confounding variable

Question # 8 of 15 ( Start time: 03:10:16 AM ) Total Marks: 1
The following journal article would be an example of _______ research; "The benefits of florescent lighting on production in a factory setting."
Select correct option:

Applied
Interview
Basic
Stupid

Question # 9 of 15 ( Start time: 03:10:53 AM ) Total Marks: 1
The study of research methods provides you with the knowledge and skills you need
Select correct option:

To solve the problem
To improve the decision-making process
To understand the research of others
All of the given options

Question # 10 of 15 ( Start time: 03:12:07 AM ) Total Marks: 1
Which of the following true about the relationship between theory building and data collection?
Select correct option:

When studies come out as expected, inductive support for the theory is gained.
If an experiment fails, discarding the experiment is an example of affirming the consequent.
When a hypothesis is not supported, virtually nothing has been learned about the theory.
A good theory will be inclusive enough to explain every possible research outcome.

Question # 11 of 15 ( Start time: 03:13:34 AM ) Total Marks: 1
The operational definition is also known as
Select correct option:

Working definition
Nominal definition
Conceptual definition
Dictionary definition

Question # 12 of 15 ( Start time: 03:14:41 AM ) Total Marks: 1
A theory is a coherent set of ________ used as principles of explanations of the apparent relationship of certain observed phenomena.
Select correct option:

Disciplines
Propositions
Empirical Realities
None of the given options

Question # 13 of 15 ( Start time: 03:15:29 AM ) Total Marks: 1
A concept is a generalized idea about------ .
Select correct option:

A class of objects
Attributes
Occurrences
All of the given options

Question # 14 of 15 ( Start time: 03:16:26 AM ) Total Marks: 1
Which of the following is included in research proposal?
Select correct option:

Data analysis
Results
Literature review
Conclusions section

Question # 15 of 15 ( Start time: 03:17:54 AM ) Total Marks: 1
Research questions are crucial because they will:
Select correct option:

Guide your decisions about what data to collect and from where.
Help you decide which research area interests you.
Ensure that your findings have external validity.
Prevent you from thinking about research strategies.

..............

Question # 1 of 15 ( Start time: 03:46:37 AM ) Total Marks: 1
Basic and Applied Research are the classifications of research on the basis of:
Select correct option:

Use of the research
Time dimension
Techniques used
Purpose of the research

Question # 2 of 15 ( Start time: 03:47:15 AM ) Total Marks: 1
If a researcher is studying the effect of using laptops in his classroom to ascertain their merit and worth, he is likely conducting which type of research?
Select correct option:

Basic
Applied
Evaluation
Experimental

Question # 3 of 15 ( Start time: 03:47:36 AM ) Total Marks: 1
Which of the following is the least appropriate research problem?
Select correct option:

Does studying Latin improve the standardized vocabulary test scores of seventh grade students?
Does drilling fifth grade students with multiplication facts improve their standardized test scores?
What is the relationship between students' math attitudes and math achievement?
Should students have access to controversial novels in school?

Question # 4 of 15 ( Start time: 03:48:24 AM ) Total Marks: 1
The application of the scientific method to the study of business problems is called;
Select correct option:

Inductive reasoning
Deductive reasoning
Business research
Grounded theory

Question # 5 of 15 ( Start time: 03:49:29 AM ) Total Marks: 1
Which of the following is Not a part of research design?
Select correct option:

Data collection technique
Tool of data collection
Objectives of the study
Data processing and analysis

Question # 6 of 15 ( Start time: 03:50:06 AM ) Total Marks: 1
What is a cross-sectional research?
Select correct option:

A study of one particular section of society
A comparison of two or more variables over a long period of time
The collection of data from more than one case at one moment in time
One that is conducted when environment is uncertain

Question # 7 of 15 ( Start time: 03:50:44 AM ) Total Marks: 1
If a researcher was studying the use of various instructional approaches to the "multiple intelligences" of his students, he is likely to be conducting which type of research?
Select correct option:

Basic
Applied
Evaluation
Grounded theory

Question # 8 of 15 ( Start time: 03:51:49 AM ) Total Marks: 1
Which of the following steps of the scientific method is exemplified by the researcher reviewing the literature and focusing on a specific problem that has yet to be resolved?
Select correct option:

Identify a topic.
Describe the procedures to collect information.
Analyze the collected information.
State the results of the data analysis.

Question # 9 of 15 ( Start time: 03:52:44 AM ) Total Marks: 1
The facts that should be collected to measure a variable, depend upon the
Select correct option:

Conceptual understanding
Dictionary meaning
Operational definition
All of the above

Question # 10 of 15 ( Start time: 03:53:53 AM ) Total Marks: 1
Which of the following is not a function of clearly identified research questions?
Select correct option:

They guide your literature search.
They keep you focused throughout the data collection period.
They make the scope of your research as wide as possible.
They are linked together to help you construct a coherent argument.

Question # 11 of 15 ( Start time: 03:55:16 AM ) Total Marks: 1
Which of the following is not a feature of theoretical framework?
Select correct option:

Making an inventory of variables
Specify the direction of relationship
Presenting findings
Making an inventory of propositions

Question # 12 of 15 ( Start time: 03:56:41 AM ) Total Marks: 1
What is a relationship between the literature survey and the theoretical framework?
Select correct option:

Provides a solid foundation for developing the latter
Literature survey helps in the identification of the relevant variables
The theoretical framework explains the theory underlying these relations
All of the gven options

Question # 13 of 15 ( Start time: 03:58:05 AM ) Total Marks: 1
According to scientific method, which of the following is Not an empirical reality?
Select correct option:

Emotions
God’s reward for good deeds
Satisfaction
None of the given options

Question # 14 of 15 ( Start time: 03:59:33 AM ) Total Marks: 1
To say that a theory is falsifiable is to say that;
Select correct option:

It is based on results that are not replicable.
Investigators have replaced it with a simpler or more accurate theory.
We can imagine results that would contradict it.
It is so vague that it fits any and all possible results.

Question # 15 of 15 ( Start time: 04:00:46 AM ) Total Marks: 1
After a researcher has stated the specific problem to be studied in an experiment, he must then develop a(n):
Select correct option:

Theory
Conclusion
Hypothesis
Summary of the data

...............

Question # 1 of 15 ( Start time: 04:12:05 AM ) Total Marks: 1
“The extensive use of chocolate causes pimples”. The given hypothesis is a (an):
Select correct option:

Descriptive hypothesis
Explanatory hypothesis
Non-Directional hypothesis
Co-relational hypothesis

Question # 2 of 15 ( Start time: 04:13:32 AM ) Total Marks: 1
What is the first step in the research process?
Select correct option:

Preliminary data collection
Problem definition
Theoretical framework
Define broad problem area

Question # 3 of 15 ( Start time: 04:14:55 AM ) Total Marks: 1
The purpose of a literature review is to:
Select correct option:

Help you find out what is already known about this area.
Identify any inconsistencies or gaps in the literature.
Demonstrate an awareness of the theoretical context in which the current study can be located.
Find what is already known, identify gaps demonstrate awareness.

Question # 4 of 15 ( Start time: 04:16:04 AM ) Total Marks: 1
Theoretical framework is trying to develop a ________ model of our study.
Select correct option:

Functional
Conceptual
Operational
Practical

Question # 5 of 15 ( Start time: 04:17:11 AM ) Total Marks: 1
Descriptive and Explanatory Research are the classifications of research on the basis of:
Select correct option:

Use of the research
Time dimension
Techniques used
Purpose of the research

Question # 6 of 15 ( Start time: 04:18:28 AM ) Total Marks: 1
A Literature review that summarizes what is known at a point in time is known as:
Select correct option:

Narrative literature review
Systematic literature review
Integrative review
Historical review

Question # 7 of 15 ( Start time: 04:19:45 AM ) Total Marks: 1
“High productivity is positively associated with Job commitment”. The given hypothesis is a (an):
Select correct option:

Descriptive hypothesis
Explanatory hypothesis
Non-Directional hypothesis
Co-relational hypothesis

Question # 8 of 15 ( Start time: 04:21:13 AM ) Total Marks: 1
The application of the scientific method to the study of business problems is called;
Select correct option:

Inductive reasoning
Deductive reasoning
Business research
Grounded theory

Question # 9 of 15 ( Start time: 04:21:35 AM ) Total Marks: 1
Which of following statement is true?
Select correct option:

Theory and Research are dichotomous
Theory and Research are interrelated
There is no difference between Theory and Research
None of the given statements is true

Question # 10 of 15 ( Start time: 04:22:58 AM ) Total Marks: 1
Which of the following steps of the scientific method is exemplified by the researcher reviewing the literature and focusing on a specific problem that has yet to be resolved?
Select correct option:

Identify a topic.
Describe the procedures to collect information.
Analyze the collected information.
State the results of the data analysis.

Question # 11 of 15 ( Start time: 04:23:26 AM ) Total Marks: 1
What type of process research is?
Select correct option:

A process to discover the truth
A process to invent the machines
A process to make new medicines
A process to create theories

Question # 12 of 15 ( Start time: 04:24:54 AM ) Total Marks: 1
The organization of concepts in sequence from the most concrete and individual to the most general indicates is:
Select correct option:

One that bears no relation to the underlying concept.
An abstract, theoretical definition of a concept.
The degree of abstraction
An operational definition

Question # 13 of 15 ( Start time: 04:26:16 AM ) Total Marks: 1
Which of the following statements is false?
Select correct option:

Discrete variables allow measurement of an infinite number of fractions of units of measurement.
Discrete variables can only have whole number values.
Continuous numbers can only have whole number values.
Continuous measures do not allow for scores that fall between two number values.

Question # 14 of 15 ( Start time: 04:27:15 AM ) Total Marks: 1
A one tailed hypothesis predicts-----------
Select correct option:

The future
The lottery result
The frequency of the effect
The direction of the effect

Question # 15 of 15 ( Start time: 04:28:41 AM ) Total Marks: 1
In ______________ we collect same type of information from different respondents in different times.
Select correct option:

Cohort study
Time series Research
Panel study
Case studies

Admin

“SME Management (MGT601)”

Assignment No. 01 Marks: 20

“Women Entrepreneurs”

Answer the following questions:

Q#01

How do you see women entrepreneurs in Pakistani society - a developing nation; as wastage of efforts or a real push in the growth of economy? Discuss. NOTE: Read the reference article given in the “Download section.”

The article given here is for your assistance. You are advised to read it, comprehend it, clear your concepts and attempt the given question. You can also search and refer to other helping material according to your convenience rather than sticking to this particular article only.

solution:

In Pakistan, women entrepreneurs do not enjoy the same opportunities as men due to a number of deep-rooted discriminatory socio-cultural values and traditions. Furthermore, these restrictions can be observed within the support mechanisms that exist to assist such fledgling businesswomen. The economic potential of female entrepreneurs is not being realized as they suffer from a lack of access to capital, land, business premises, information technology, training and agency assistance. Inherent attitudes of a patriarchal society, that men are superior to women and that women are best suited to be homemakers, create formidable challenges. Women also receive little encouragement from some male family members, resulting in limited spatial mobility and a dearth of social capital.

The ILO research on women entrepreneurs in Pakistan has shown certain leak points gaps in the development of women entrepreneurs and has emphasized and recommend for actions needed to be taken in order to encourage and promote women entrepreneurship. The research shows that women has to face certain hurdles like gender discrimination, lack of safety, family and traditional restrictions, lack of access to education, market, business premises and other require tools for getting into and starting the business. Moreover there aren't any proper constitutional structures, policy documents, regulatory arrangements and institutional mechanism that can support or acknowledge women entrepreneurship in Pakistan.

However beside all the barriers and hurdles it is a please to note that Pakistani society is increasingly accepting businesswomen. Research has shown that 32% of women entrepreneurs believed that the general perception women in business had improved. Further certain organizations such as First Women’s Bank Limited (FWBL) are also established to cater solely to the financial needs of women entrepreneurs. Its mandate was to improve the socio-economic status of women in both urban and rural areas by creating opportunities for their development through enhanced economic participation. The research also shows that there are 47% of women entrepreneurs in textiles industry, 42% in private institutions and 27% of women are contributing in the half of the household income.

The research on government policies has shown that in order to involve women in productive economic activities, including exports, the Ministry is moving forward on a broad-based programmed in collaboration with the private sector. An Export Trade House and Display Centre each has been established at Lahore and Islamabad. Similar ventures are proposed at Karachi, Muzaffarabad and other major cities. To facilitate women entrepreneurs in their business activities both local and foreign, Business Centers in collaboration with the First Women Bank Limited (FWBL) have been established at Islamabad, Lahore and Karachi. Similar Centers are planned for Quetta, Peshawar and other major cities. These results show that efforts of women entrepreneurs are not of waste of time and they are contributing to push in the growth of economy. However these contributions can be made more significant, it is suggested that in order to foster development, multi-agency cooperation is required. The media, educational policy makers and government agencies could combine to provide women with improved access to business development services and facilitate local, regional and national networks. This would help integration of women entrepreneurs into the mainstream economy.

Admin

MGT502 Quiz # 1 Announced

Starting Date: 1,Nov-2010

Closing Date: 3,Nov-2010

Admin

ISL201 Online Quiz No. 1 Announced

It is requested to all, PLEASE share your online quiz with us, you may email us.

Best of luck

VUsolutions..

Admin

Question 1:

Give ame of ten primitivies provided by Open GL libraries.

Solution:

· GL_POINTS

· GL_LINES

· GL_LINE_STRIP

· GL_LINE_LOOP

· GL_TRIANGLES

· GL_TRIANGLE_STRIP

· GL_TRIANGLE_FAN

· GL_QUADS—

· GL_QUAD_STRIP

· GL_POLYGON—

Question 2:

Illustrate the communication mechanism between CPU (central processing unit) and GPU (graphic processing unit ).

Solution:

Communication between CPU and GPU

Question 3:

Briefly describe the operation performed before a fragment is written to the image buffer in GPU.

Solution:

The first fragmented operation perfumed and the only one that cannot be disabled is the pixel ownership test. The pixel owner ship test simply determines whether a fragmented lies in the region of the view port that is currently visible on the display. a possible reason that the pixel ownership test fails is that another window is obscuring a portion of the viewport in this case fragments falling behind the obscuring window are not drawn.

Next the scissor testis performed and application may specify a rectangle in the viewport called the scissor rectangle to which rendering g should be restricted any fragments falling outside the scissor rectangle are discarded a particular application of the scissor rectangle in the context of the stencil shadow algorithm is in section

If the scissor test passed a fragment undergoes the alpha test when fin al color of the a fragment is calculated and application may also calculate an alpha value that usually represents the degree of transparency associated with the fragment the alpha test compares the final alpha value of the fragment to a constant value that is preset by the application the application specifies what relationship between the two values such as (less then greater than or equal to) causes the test to pass if the relationship is not satisfied then the fragment is discarded.

After alpha test passes a fragment moves on to the stencil test the stencil test reads the value stored in thee stencil buffer at a fragments location and compares it to a value previously specified by application. The stencil test passes only if a specific relation is satisfied eg the stencil value is equal to particular value otherwise the stencil test fails, and the fragment is discarded and application is able to specify action to be taken in the stencil buffer when the stencil test passes or fail. Additionally if the stencil test passes the value in the stencil buffer may be affected in the way that depends on the result of the depth test (describe next) for instance an application may choose to increment the value in the stencil test passed and depth test fails. This functionality is used extensively by the shadow rendering technique.

The final test undergone by fragment is depth test. The depth test compares the final depth associated with a fragment to the value currently residing in the depth buffer. If the depth does not satisfy an application specified relationship with the value in the depth buffer then the fragment is discarded. Normally, the depth test is configured so that a fragment passes the depth the depth test only its depth is less than or equal to the value in the depth buffer. When the depth test passed the depth buffer is updated with the depth of the fragment to facilitate hidden surface removal for subsequently rendered primitives.

One pixel ownership test alpha test stencil test and depth test have all passed a fragment final color is blended on to the image buffer. The test have passed a fragments final color is blended in to the image buffer the blending operation calculates a new color by combining the fragments final and the color already stored in the image buffer at the fragments location.

The fragments alpha value and alpha value stored in the image buffer may also be used to determine the color that ultimately appears in the view port the blending operation may be configured to simply replace the previous color in the image buffer or it may produce special effects such as transparency.

Admin

Assignment 1(Fall 2010)

CIRCUIT THEORY (PHY301)

MARKS: 30

Due Date: November 02, 2010

DON’T MISS THESE Important instructions:

· To solve this assignment, you should have good command over first 6 lectures.

· Upload assignments properly through LMS, (No Assignment will be accepted through email).

· Write your ID on the top of your solution file.

· All students are directed to use the font and style of text as is used in this document.

· Don’t use colorful back grounds in your solution files.

· Use Math Type or Equation Editor etc for mathematical symbols.

· This is not a group assignment, it is an individual assignment so be careful and avoid copying others’ work. If some assignment is found to be copy of some other, both will be awarded zero marks. It also suggests you to keep your assignment safe from others. No excuse will be accepted by anyone if found to be copying or letting others copy.

· Don’t wait for the last date to submit your assignment.

· You can draw circuit diagrams in “Paint” or in “Corel Draw”. The simple and easy way is to copy the given image in Paint and do the required changes in it.

Q.1

Find the equivalent resistance of given circuit. Write each step of the calculation to get maximum marks. Draw the circuit diagram of each step otherwise you will lose your marks.

Q.2

For the given circuit below, find the current I₁, I₂_, I₃and voltage V_X

Q.3

Given below is a simple circuit containing a bulb (lamp), battery and two switches.

Describe the current flow in the circuit and Bulb (glow or not) for each given condition