INTRODUCTION TO BUSINESS (MGT211)

ASSIGNMENT NO. 01

DUE DATE: 2ND MAY 2013

MARKS: 20

ID:Mc130202170

1:To get knowledge about the importance of a PEST analysis.

PEST analysis stands for “Political, Economic, Social and Technological analysis” and is used for business and strategic planning, marketing planning, organizational change, business and product development and research reports.

Political Factors

A political factor relates to the pressures and opportunities brought by political institutions and to what degree the government policies impact the business. Political factors are basically to what degree the government intervenes in the economy. Specifically, political factors include areas such as tax policy, labor law, environmental law, trade restrictions, tariffs, and political stability. Political factors may also include goods and services which the government wants to provide or be provided and those that the government does not want to be provided (demerit goods or merit bad). Furthermore, governments have great influence on the infrastructure, health and education of a nation.

·         Government policies

·         Government term and change

·         Trading policies

·         Funding, grants and initiatives

·         Wars, terrorism and conflicts

·         Elections and political trends

·         Internal political issues etc.

Economic Factors

Economic factors relates to economic policies, economic structures and to what degree the economy impacts the business. Economic factors are basically economic growth, interest rates, exchange rates and the inflation rate. These factors have major impacts on how businesses operate and make decisions. For example, interest rates affect a firm's cost of capital and therefore to what extent a business grows and expands. Exchange rates affect the costs of exporting goods and the supply and price of imported goods in an economy

·         Local economy

·         Taxation

·         Inflation

·         Interest

·         Economy trends

·         Industry growth

·         Import/export ratios

·         International trade etc.

Social Factors

Social factors relates to the cultural aspects, attitudes, beliefs, that will affect the demand for a company's products and how the business operates. Social factors are basically the cultural aspects and include health consciousness, population growth rate, age distribution, career attitudes and emphasis on safety. Trends in social factors affect the demand for a company's products and how that company operates. Furthermore, companies may change various management strategies to adapt to these social trends (such as recruiting older workers).

·         Advertising and publicity

·         Demographics

·         Media views of the industry

·         Work ethic

·         Brand, company, technology image

·         Lifestyle trends

·         Cultural Taboos

·         Consumer attitudes and opinions

·         Consumer buying patterns

·         Consumer role models etc.

Technological Factors

Technological factors relates to the technological aspects, innovations, barriers and incentives, and to what degree these impact the business. Technological factors are basically technological aspects such as R&D (Research & Development) activity, automation, technology incentives and the rate of technological change. They can determine barriers to entry, minimum efficient production level and influence outsourcing decisions. Furthermore, technological shifts can affect costs, quality, and lead to innovation.

·         Competitor technology development

·         Emerging technologies

·         Maturity of technology

·         Technology legislation

·         Research and Innovation

·         Information and communications

·         Intellectual property issues

GREAT QUALITIES OF A GOOD BUSINESSMAN

In the modern age we can see the various changes in the business field. Due to technological advancement it is necessary that a good businessman should possess the basic skill and knowledge about his business. Following are the important qualities of a good businessman:

Honest: - It is the first quality of a good businessman that he should honest and sincere in public dealing. There should be no fraud and commercial bribery in business. If he fails to perform his moral and religious responsibility then he can’t become a good businessman.

Efficient and Hard Worker: - A good businessman must be hard worker and capable of working for long hours. A lazy and inefficient businessman can’t compete the market. Without have working no business can be successful. If the owner is not hard working then other workers of the business can’t be hardworking.

Ability of Planning: - It is a basic quality of a businessman that he should possess the ability to plan his business. For example there are various decisions like what to produce? Where to produce? Which are made by the businessman? A good planner can only make the best decision.

Careful about Future: - A businessman should be careful about the future expectations. If he fails to estimate the future demand for his product then he will suffer a loss. If he has a foresight about the future then he can earn profit.

Ability of Financial Management: - A good businessman tries to meet the financial needs from internal and external sources. He uses the finance in such a way in his business that it gives him maximum profit. A successful business has a quality that he can manage the finance easily.

Ability of Innovation: - In the modern age new product attracts the customer easily. So a good businessman should have an ability to produce new goods and services according to his new ideas.

Research on Business: - A good businessman always pays proper attention to the research work. He also uses his experiences to minimize the cost of production.

Technical Skill: - A businessman should have specialized knowledge and technical skill for understanding and completing the process of production. If he has no technical skill about his business, he can’t become a good businessman.

Sympathetic Attitude: - A good businessman always loves his workers. He should be aware of the temperament, feelings and limitations of his workers. He should always take interest in the problems of his workers and try to solve them. They will also reply positively. It will increase the profit of the business.

Good Reputation: - In business dealings good reputation is assets for the businessman. A good businessman always improves his goodwill and expands the business.

Foresighted: - It is the most important quality for the successful businessman. A businessman must keep an eye on the future. He may be able to predict for future.

Cool Minded: - In competitive market for the success of business it is necessary that businessman should be cool minded and a man of balanced personality.

Dependability: - The successful businessman should have the capacity of dependability. He should use every effort to hold it constant and dependable, so that those who work under it know what to expect as it remains unfluctuating from day today. It keeps him much to win the heart of both customers and workers.

Responsibility: - A successful businessman should have to realize his responsibilities. If he doesn’t do his duty then his business can’t go well.

Case:

Ali and Hassan are Master of Business Administration degree holders and they want to establish a new business in Fast Food Industry in partnership with the name AH Hot & Spicy Fast Foods. For this purpose, they made analysis of different market situations of this Industry; also for their business they analyzed different environments in which a business works that social, technological, political and economic. They are full of team spirit and having good technical skills and abilities to work and run the business. After analyzing the market internal and external factors, they received basic knowledge important for any new enterprise. Finally they decided to start the business in Islamabad.

Requirement:

Perform a PEST analysis for AH Hot & Spicy Fast Food.

P: Political environmental factors such as:

stability of the government, government type, economic policy of the government, trade policy and events in surrounding countries, and fallow Pakistan hotels and Restaurants ACT, 1976.

                                                                             

E: Economical environmental factors: 

·         Higher interest rates may deter investment because it costs more to borrow. This could be a problem at the moment when we are trying to find people to invest in the project.

·         Inflation may provoke higher wage demands from employees and raise costs.

·         Increasing costs of material, storage or services used in the elaboration of the final product or service may make it more expensive.

S: Social environmental factors: 

·         Increasing Health Awareness.

·         Increasing change of eating habits towards healthier food.

·         Changing Attitude from Diet products to healthy products.

·         Increasing Working women. (Nobody cooking at home)

·         Increasing Media attention and incentives towards "healthy living" from governments and organization.

T: Technological environmental Factors: 

· Technological Innovations attracts people attention.

· Modernist-Technological themed places are getting more importance in consumer's mind.

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SEMESTER SPRING 2013

INTRODUCTION TO BUSINESS (MGT211)

Assignment No. 01 Solution

PEST analysis stands for “Political, Economic, Social and Technological analysis” and is used for business and strategic planning, marketing planning, organizational change, business and product development and research reports.

Political Factors
A political factor relates to the pressures and opportunities brought by political institutions and to what degree the government policies impact the business. Political factors are basically to what degree the government intervenes in the economy. Specifically, political factors include areas such as tax policy, labor law, environmental law, trade restrictions, tariffs, and political stability. Political factors may also include goods and services which the government wants to provide or be provided and those that the government does not want to be provided (demerit goods or merit bad). Furthermore, governments have great influence on the infrastructure, health and education of a nation.

• Government policies
• Government term and change
• Trading policies
• Funding, grants and initiatives
• Wars, terrorism and conflicts
• Elections and political trends
• Internal political issues etc.

Economic Factors
Economic factors relates to economic policies, economic structures and to what degree the economy impacts the business. Economic factors are basically economic growth, interest rates, exchange rates and the inflation rate. These factors have major impacts on how businesses operate and make decisions. For example, interest rates affect a firm's cost of capital and therefore to what extent a business grows and expands. Exchange rates affect the costs of exporting goods and the supply and price of imported goods in an economy

• Local economy
• Taxation
• Inflation
• Interest
• Economy trends
• Industry growth
• Import/export ratios
• International trade etc.

Social Factors
Social factors relates to the cultural aspects, attitudes, beliefs, that will affect the demand for a company's products and how the business operates. Social factors are basically the cultural aspects and include health consciousness, population growth rate, age distribution, career attitudes and emphasis on safety. Trends in social factors affect the demand for a company's products and how that company operates. Furthermore, companies may change various management strategies to adapt to these social trends (such as recruiting older workers).

• Advertising and publicity
• Demographics
• Media views of the industry
• Work ethic
• Brand, company, technology image
• Lifestyle trends
• Cultural Taboos
• Consumer attitudes and opinions
• Consumer buying patterns
• Consumer role models etc.

Technological Factors
Technological factors relates to the technological aspects, innovations, barriers and incentives, and to what degree these impact the business. Technological factors are basically technological aspects such as R&D (Research & Development) activity, automation, technology incentives and the rate of technological change. They can determine barriers to entry, minimum efficient production level and influence outsourcing decisions. Furthermore, technological shifts can affect costs, quality, and lead to innovation.

• Competitor technology development
• Emerging technologies
• Maturity of technology
• Technology legislation
• Research and Innovation
• Information and communications
• Intellectual property issues

GREAT QUALITIES OF A GOOD BUSINESSMAN

In the modern age we can see the various changes in the business field. Due to technological advancement it is necessary that a good businessman should possess the basic skill and knowledge about his business. Following are the important qualities of a good businessman:

Honest: - It is the first quality of a good businessman that he should honest and sincere in public dealing. There should be no fraud and commercial bribery in business. If he fails to perform his moral and religious responsibility then he can’t become a good businessman.

Efficient and Hard Worker: - A good businessman must be hard worker and capable of working for long hours. A lazy and inefficient businessman can’t compete the market. Without have working no business can be successful. If the owner is not hard working then other workers of the business can’t be hardworking.

Ability of Planning: - It is a basic quality of a businessman that he should possess the ability to plan his business. For example there are various decisions like what to produce? Where to produce? Which are made by the businessman? A good planner can only make the best decision.

Careful about Future: - A businessman should be careful about the future expectations. If he fails to estimate the future demand for his product then he will suffer a loss. If he has a foresight about the future then he can earn profit.

Ability of Financial Management: - A good businessman tries to meet the financial needs from internal and external sources. He uses the finance in such a way in his business that it gives him maximum profit. A successful business has a quality that he can manage the finance easily.

Ability of Innovation: - In the modern age new product attracts the customer easily. So a good businessman should have an ability to produce new goods and services according to his new ideas.

Research on Business: - A good businessman always pays proper attention to the research work. He also uses his experiences to minimize the cost of production.

Technical Skill: - A businessman should have specialized knowledge and technical skill for understanding and completing the process of production. If he has no technical skill about his business, he can’t become a good businessman.

Sympathetic Attitude: - A good businessman always loves his workers. He should be aware of the temperament, feelings and limitations of his workers. He should always take interest in the problems of his workers and try to solve them. They will also reply positively. It will increase the profit of the business.

Good Reputation: - In business dealings good reputation is assets for the businessman. A good businessman always improves his goodwill and expands the business.

Foresighted: - It is the most important quality for the successful businessman. A businessman must keep an eye on the future. He may be able to predict for future.

Cool Minded: - In competitive market for the success of business it is necessary that businessman should be cool minded and a man of balanced personality.

Dependability: - The successful businessman should have the capacity of dependability. He should use every effort to hold it constant and dependable, so that those who work under it know what to expect as it remains unfluctuating from day today. It keeps him much to win the heart of both customers and workers.
Responsibility: - A successful businessman should have to realize his responsibilities. If he doesn’t do his duty then his business can’t go well.

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Assignment No. 02
SEMESTER Spring 2013
CS301‐ Data Structures


Instructions 
Please read the following instructions carefully before solving & submitting assignment: 

It should be clear that your assignment will not get any credit (zero marks) if: 

o  The assignment is submitted after due date. 
o  The submitted code does NOT compile. 
o  The submitted assignment is other than .CPP file. 
o  The submitted assignment does NOT open or file is corrupted. 
o  The assignment is copied (from other student or ditto copy from handouts or internet). 

Uploading instructions

For clarity and simplicity, You are required to Upload/Submit only ONE .CPP file.
Don’t wait for grace day. Grace day is only given if there is problem on due date. Submit your solution withi
due date.
Note that no assignment will be accepted through email if there is any problem on grace day.

Note: Use ONLY Dev‐C++ IDE.


Objective 
The objective of this assignment is

o  To make  you  familiar  with  queue  and  linked  list  data  structure  and  programming  techniques  to
implement queue as linked list.

For any query about the assignment, contact at cs301@vu.edu.pk
GOOD LUCK



Suppose three movies (Harry Potter, English Vinglish and Tekken) are on display in a cinema. Three different counters are distributing tickets for each movie. To purchase a particular movie ticket, you are required to stand in the respective movie counter queue.

Considering the above scenario, write a C++ program which asks a user to choose the movie for which he/she would like to purchase a Ticket. While choosing the movie ticket, user should be asked to enter his/her social  group [F for female, M for male and K for kids].


The required program functionalities should be: 

•   Take input for all the three movies.  
•   Display the total number of visitors for each movie.  
•   Display total revenue of cinema and total revenue of each movie (Suppose price of one ticket is 650/-). 
•   Display the best business earning movie of the cinema. 
•   Check the popularity of each movie amongst social groups (females, males or kids). 

Solution Guidelines: 

1)  To purchase the movie ticket, viewer must have to stand in the queue. The length of the queue can vary so you have to implement queue as link list.


2)  Create a class named Viewer (Node class); this class should create a node for each ticket. This class should define two private data members, social group and Next pointer. A constructor, getter and setter functions for each data member should also be defined in this class.


Note: While getting the value for social group, restrict the user to only enter ‘f’ or ‘F’ for female, ‘m’ or’ M’ for male and ‘k’ or ‘K’ for kids. 





3)  Create another class named Mov_Que  (List class);  to create a queue  for each movie,  this class should define  three variables, Front pointer, Rear pointer and counter. The class should also define the following functions:

a)  Constructor(): Default constructor of the class.
b)  Destructor(): Destructor to destroy the memory gained by the use of new operator.
c)  add_Ticket(): This method should enter the new ticket purchased at the rear.
d)  Total_Visitors(): This method should return the total number of visitors of movie.
e)  Total_Revenue(): This method should return the total revenue of the movie.
f)  Popularity(): This method should check  the popularity of  the movie amongst social group, whether  the movie  is popular among males, females or kids.

4)  In main()  function  of  the  program,  create  three  objects  of  the  class Mov_Que  which  will  act  like  three counters at cinema. These objects should be able  to perform all  the  required  functionalities mentioned  in the question statement.  

5)  To get the idea about exact output of program, see Demo.wmv file attached with assignment file.



Lectures Covered:  This assignment covers Lecture #  6‐9 
Deadline:           Your assignment must be uploaded / submitted on / before, Thursday May 02, 2013. 

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Question No. 1 What are the business requirements of given Online Virtual Drive System? Your answer should not exceed more than three lines.
Answer:
we are going to develop online virtual drive application in which storage of important data by accessing at different places will be carried out. It will be web based application which will manage the data of the user. Additionally it should be secure at the web. The virtual drive will be as like as physical hard drive and user can use it just like hard drive.
QuestionNo.2List down the functional requirements of given Online Virtual Drive System.
Answer:
functional requirement

    The register and non register can use this application

    The Administrator has auth to select or reject the user which is going to request for login

    After logging in the user/reg user can update, delete, move, and so many option adopt

QuestionNo.3 List down the non-functional requirements of given online Virtual Drive System.
Answer:
non funtional requirements
it is window based
it is user friendly
it can handle many users at a time.
it needs a web connection to view the virtual drive
the security grading is high so that unwanted user can not access the drive

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As announced earlier, the web interface for making your date sheet is being launched on the following link:
http://datesheet.vu.edu.pk/
 
Note: You MUST make your date sheet on or before: Tuesday, May 7, 2013. Seats will be available on a 'first come first served' basis. All mentioned timings are according to PST (Pakistan Standard Time).


INSTRUCTIONS:
1. Logon using your VULMS ID and Password
(In case of any password related problem contact at password@vu.edu.pk)
2. Choose Your Exam City in which you want to appear for Exam (optional)
3. Choose your Exam Center out of the centers available to you
(Once selected, you can’t change your Exam Center)
4. Select available exam date and start time of your own choice for each of your courses, then click “Confirm” button to confirm your selection.
5. Repeat the Step-4 for all your remaining courses one by one.
6. Finally click the button at the bottom of the page to get Examination Password and print your Examination Slip which you MUST keep with you for entry in Examination Center on each of the Exam Dates.

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values:
A={0,1,3,4,6}
B={1,2,3,4,5,6,8}
C={3,4,6,7,8}
D={1,2,3,4,5,6,8,9}
E={3,4,5,6,8,9}
F={1,2,3,4,5,6,8,9,10}
G={3,4,5,6,8,9,10]

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#include<iostream.h>
#include<stdlib.h>

  main()
 {float formula,y1,y2,x1,x2,Xcordinates,Ycordinates,slope,difference, difference1;
   
     cout<<"\a \t\t ASSIGNMENT POWERED BY S.SABIR HUSSAIN 6TH SEMESTER";
     cout<<"\n\n\n\n Enter the X-cordinates of starting point i.e x1=";
     cin>> x1;
     cout<<"\n Enter the X-cordinate of end point i.e x2=";
     cin>>x2;
      {difference=x2-x1;
     if (difference==0)
     cout<<"line is parallel at y-axis"<<difference;
                }
                       
     cout<<"\n Enter the Y-cordinates of starting point i.e y1=";
     cin>>y1;
     cout<<"\n Enter the Y-cordinate of end point i.e y2=";
     cin>>y2;
     { difference1=y2-y1;
    if (difference1==0)
     cout<<"line is parallel at x-axis"<<difference1;
               
     }
     slope=y2-y1/x2-x1;
    { if(slope>1)
           
                 cout<<"Line will make the 45 degree angle with the horizon"<<slope;

      if(slope<1)
           
                     
                 cout<<"Line will travel more along X-Axis and Less along Y-Axis="<<slope;
               
      if(slope==1)
           
                 cout<<"Line will make the 45 degree angle with the horizon"<<slope;
     
     
     
}
             
   
     system("pause");
     return 0;
   
     }

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                SEMESTER SPRING 2013

Financial accounting-ii (mgt401)              ASSIGNMENT NO. 01

Due Date: 02^ND May, 2013
Marks: 20

Assignment: 1
Learning Objective
The students are expected to learn the application of the provisions of IAS 16 (Property, Plant & Equipment) and IAS 23 (Borrowing Cost)

Learning Outcomes
After going through this activity, the students should be able to apply IAS 16 & IAS 23 in their true meanings.

Case
Sunshine Assembling Limited is engaged in assembling of sewing machines, water filters and washing machines. The company has its own distribution network across the country. Recently, the company has announced to launch a new brand of computerized and programmable sewing machine in the market. The company will import its parts from Japan and assemble it on its newly designed hi-tech plant. The machine bearing the brand name of “Mach09” will be sold through the company’s existing distribution channels. For this purpose, the company has decided to construct its own assembling plant which will not only increase efficiency of the machine but will also reduce its assembling cost to the desirable level. It has been estimated that the new project would cost exactly at Rs. 20 million. To finance this project, the company has obtained a bank loan equivalent to 70% of the project cost at 20% p. a. for the period of 2 years. The life of the plant has been estimated at 10 years with the residual value estimated at 10% of the invoice value.
The loan was sanctioned on April 1, 2004 and the company immediately placed the acquired funds in saving account with a local bank for three months at an annual return of 14%. Due to some technical issues with the plant, the installation started on August 1, 2004. But, soon after the installation started, the company has been forced to stop it for a period of 3 months owing to the non-compliance of certain environmental safety laws. On 1^st January 2005, the company started installation again and continued it till its completion on August 31 in the same year. The entire loan was paid off on 31^st October 2005.
On December 31, 2005, fair market value of the plant was estimated at Rs. 25 million. The company has the policy to charge full year depreciation in the year of acquisition or purchase and no depreciation in the year of disposal.
Required:
(1)  Journal entries to record:
a)     Borrowing cost on the plant to capitalize;                                     (5 Marks)
b)     Initial plant cost to recognize;                                                      (3 Marks)
c)     Depreciation expense for the first year; &                                   (4 Marks)

(2)  Prepare depreciation schedule for the initial 5 years.                         (5 Marks)

(3)  Plant value to be reported at the balance sheet as on 31/12/2005       (3 Marks)


Important:
24 hours extra / grace period after the due date is usually available to overcome uploading difficulties. This extra time should only be used to meet the emergencies and above mentioned due dates should always be treated as final to avoid any inconvenience.
Important Instructions/ solution guidelines/ special instructions

Show complete working in support of your solution as it carries marks.

Other Important Instructions:
Deadline:

• Make sure to upload the solution file before the due date on VULMS.
• Any submission made via email after the due date will not be accepted.

Formatting guidelines:

• Use the font style “Times New Roman” or “Arial” and font size “12”.
• It is advised to compose your document in MS-Word format.
• You may also compose your assignment in Open Office format.
• Use black and blue font colors only.

Referencing Guidelines:

• Use APA style for referencing and citation.  For guidance search “APA reference style” in Google and read various websites containing information for better understanding or visit http://linguistics.byu.edu/faculty/henrichsenl/apa/APA01.html

Rules for Marking
Please note that your assignment will not be graded or graded as Zero (0), if:

• It is submitted after the due date.
• The file you uploaded does not open or is corrupt.
• It is in any format other than MS-Word or Open Office; e.g. Excel, PowerPoint, PDF etc.
• It is cheated or copied from other students, internet, books, journals etc.

Note related to load shedding: Please be proactive

Dear students!
As you know that Pre Mid-Term semester activities have started and load shedding problem is also prevailing in our country. Keeping in view the fact, you all are advised to post your activities as early as possible without waiting for the due date. For your convenience; activity schedule has already been uploaded on VULMS for the current semester, therefore no excuse will be entertained after due date of assignments, quizzes or GDBs.

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Published On:  Tuesday, April 30, 2013

The Google Anita Borg Memorial Scholarship

Anita Borg believed that technology affects all aspects of our economic, political, social and personal lives. A technology rebel with a cause, in her life she fought tirelessly to ensure that technology’s impact would be a positive one. It was this vision that inspired Anita in 1997 to found the Institute for Women and Technology. Today this organization continues on her legacy and bears her name, The Anita Borg Institute for Women and Technology (http://www.anitaborg.org/).

As part of Google’s ongoing commitment to furthering Anita’s vision, we are pleased to announce The Google Anita Borg Memorial Scholarship: Asia-Pacific (APAC). Through the scholarship, we aim to encourage women to excel in computing and technology, and become active role models and leaders.

Scholarships will be awarded based on the strength of candidates’ academic performance, leadership experience and demonstrated passion for computer science. A group of female Bachelor’s, Master’s, and PhD students will be chosen from the applicant pool across Australia, New Zealand, Japan, Korea, Southeast Asia (including Pakistan) and India. Each scholarship recipient will receive a scholarship amount specific to their local region in respect to tuition.

All scholarship recipients will be invited to visit a Google office in Sydney, Australia for a networking retreat. It will include workshops with a series of speakers, panels, breakout sessions and social activities, and will provide an opportunity to meet and share experiences.

★★★ For eligibility criteria & details on how to apply @ http://goo.gl/6dbLE ★★★

It's yet another great opportunity for PAKISTANI students, especially women, to prove their ability in the global landscape! Would appreciate if you could spread the word in your own university and also help SPREAD THE WORD to all WOMEN institutions & students across PAKISTAN.

Remember that the Closing DEADLINE is: Friday, May 31, 2013.

Looking forward to lots of Pakistani applications, in sha' Allah.

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MGT211 1st Assignment solution spring 2013
Requirement:
Perform a PEST analysis for AH Hot & Spicy Fast Food.

Solution:


PEST analysis (Political, Economic, Social and Technological analysis) describes a framework of macro-environmental factors used in the environmental scanning component of strategic management.

Political factors are basically to what degree the government intervenes in the economy. Specifically, political factors include areas such as tax policy, labour law, environmental law, trade restrictions, tariffs, and political stability.

Economic factors include economic growth, interest rates, exchange rates and the inflation rate. These factors have major impacts on how businesses operate and make decision

Social factors include the cultural aspects and include health consciousness, population growth rate, age distribution, career attitudes and emphasis on safety.

Technological factors include technological aspects such as R& activity, automation, technology incentives and the rate of technological change.

Environmental factors include ecological and environmental aspects such as weather, climate, and climate change, which may especially affect industries such as tourism, farming, and insurance. Furthermore, growing awareness of the potential impacts of climate change is affecting how companies operate and the products they offer, both creating new markets and diminishing or destroying existing ones.

Legal factors include discrimination law, consumer law, antitrust law, employment law, and health and safety law. These factors can affect how a company operates, its costs, and the demand for its products.The model's factors will vary in importance to a given company based on its industry and the goods it produces. For example, consumer and B2B companies tend to be more affected by the social factors, while a global defense contractor would tend to be more affected by political factors. Additionally, factors that are more likely to change in the future or more relevant to a given company will carry greater importance. For example, a company which has borrowed heavily will need to focus more on the economic factors (especially interest rates).


Political - What are the political factors that are likely to affect the business?
Economic - What are the economic factors that will affect the business?
Sociological - What cultural aspects likely to affect the business?
Technological - What technological changes that may affect the business?
Legal - What current and impending legislation that will affect the business?
Environmental- What are the environmental considerations that may affect the business?

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Dear all sisters and Brothers , Its so Simple Assignment ,

is me just itna kaha gya ha k PEST analysis karien aik new busniess ko start karny k liye, so 1st we look

what is pest analysis in introduction to business?

It is A type of situation analysis in which political-legal (government stability, spending, taxation), economic (inflation, interest rates, unemployment), socio-cultural (demographics, education, income distribution), and technological (knowledge generation, conversion of discoveries into products, rates of obsolescence) factors are examined to chart an organization's long-term plans.


read the following detail and prepare your assignment


PEST Analysis to start new business

The success of a startup business is influenced by factors operating in its internal and external environment; a business can increase its success by adopting strategies which manipulate these factors to its advantage. A successful business will not only understand existing factors but also forecast change, so that it can take advantage of change within the environments in which it operates.

The analysis that describes those environmental factors is called a PEST analysis.

PEST analysis stands for "Political, Economic, Social, and Technological analysis" and describes a framework of macro-environmental factors used in the environmental scanning component of strategic management.

The PEST factors combined with external micro-environmental factors can be classified as opportunities and threats in a SWOT analysis. In a marketing plan, therefore, a PEST analysis can be seen as a major framework of the external factors (threats and opportunities) in a SWOT analysis.

Political/legal factors describe to what degree a government intervenes in the economy. Political factors include areas such as tax policy, labor law, environmental law, trade restrictions, tariffs, discrimination law, consumer law, employment law, health and safety law and political stability. These in turn can be influenced by sociocultural factors such as the pressure of public opinion, media and pressure groups.

Economic and competitive environmental factors include macroeconomic factors such as taxation, interest rates, exchange rates, and international trading blocks. They can also include microeconomic factors such as income distribution and monopolies. As examples, interest rates will affect a business’s cost of capital and exchange rates may affect the price of imported goods.

Social environment includes cultural aspects and health consciousness, changing demographic factors such as population growth rates, the graying of the population, and the size of households. They also include changes in lifestyle and societal attitudes. Career attitudes and emphasis on safety are examples of changes in lifestyles and societal attitudes. There may also be a change in attitudes towards business ethics, animal welfare attitudes may change farming methods, health and safety will affect ingredients and production, personal ethics like bribery and unethical practices, and environmental issues affect product origins and product content.

Technological factors include ecological and environmental aspects, the fast pace of technological change, higher R & D costs and equally high budgets which can be barriers to entry. The continuing emergence of the internet is also a large technological factor. Environmental factors include weather and climate change which may especially affect industries such as tourism, farming and insurance. Increased pollution, shortages of raw materials such as oil and coal, and increased cost of energy affect most industries. Furthermore, governmental intervention in natural resource management will also affect many businesses.

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SEMESTER SPRING 2013

INTRODUCTION TO BUSINESS (MGT211)

 ASSIGNMENT NO. 01

DUE DATE: 2ND
 MAY 2013
MARKS: 20

ASSIGNMENT: 

TOPIC:    PEST Analysis for New Business 


Learning objectives 

•  To get knowledge about the importance of a PEST analysis.  
•  To know about the qualities of a good businessman. 

Learning outcomes 

After this assignment, student will:

•  To understand the role of PEST analysis for goods and services. 
•  To understand the qualities of a good businessman required for the success of a business. 

Case: 

Ali and Hassan are Master of Business Administration degree holders and  they want to establish a new business  in Fast Food Industry in partnership with the name AH Hot & Spicy Fast  Foods. For this purpose, they made analysis of different market situations of this Industry; also for their business  they analyzed different environments in which a business works that social, technological, political and economic. They are full of team spirit and having good technical skills and abilities to work and run the business. After analyzing the market internal and external factors, they received basic knowledge important for any new enterprise. Finally they decided to start the business in Islamabad.  

Requirement: 

Perform a PEST analysis for AH Hot & Spicy Fast Food. 

Note:  

Your analysis should be based on facts about your city and you are also required to mention the source of facts you will use for the PEST analysis in this assignment. IT is also suggested that first you read material about PEST analysis.  

IMPORTANT: 

24 hours extra / grace period after the due date is usually available to overcome  uploading difficulties. This extra time should only be used to meet the emergencies and above mentioned due dates should always be treated as final to avoid any inconvenience. 

IMPORTANT INSTRUCTIONS/ SOLUTION GUIDELINES/ SPECIAL INSTRUCTIONS 

OTHER IMPORTANT INSTRUCTIONS: 
DEADLINE: 

•   Make sure to upload the solution file before the due date on VULMS.  
•   Any submission made via email after the due date will not be accepted. 

FORMATTING GUIDELINES: 

•   Use the font style “Times New Roman” or “Arial” and font size “12”.  
•   It is advised to compose your document in MS-Word format.  
•   You may also compose your assignment in Open Office format. 
•   Use black and blue font colors only.  

REFERENCING GUIDELINES: 

•   Use APA style for referencing and citation.  For guidance search “APA  
  reference style” in Google and  read various website containing 
  information for better understanding or visit  
  http://linguistics.byu.edu/faculty/henrichsenl/apa/APA01.html 

RULES FOR MARKING 

Please note that your assignment will not be graded or graded as Zero (0), if: 

•   It is submitted after the due date. 
•   The file you uploaded does not open or is corrupt. 
•   It is in any format other than MS-Word or Open Office; e.g. Excel, PowerPoint, PDF etc. 

  It is cheated or copied from other students, internet, books, journals etc. 

Note related to load shedding: Please be proactive 

Dear students! 

As  you  know  that  Pre Mid‐Term  semester  activities  have  been started  and  load  shedding  problem  is  also  prevailing  in  our  country now a days. Keeping  in view the fact, you all are advised to post your activities as early as possible without waiting for the due  date.  For  your  convenience;  activity  schedule  has  already been uploaded on VULMS for the current semester, therefore no excuse will be entertained after due date of assignments, quizzes or GDBs.

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ASSIGNMENT NO. 01
DUE DATE: 2ND MAY, 2013
TOTAL MARKS: 20


SPECIAL INSTRUCTION: Make sure to upload the solution only in the format given below.


SCENARIO
“We are surrounded by research”. The statement is highlighting the importance, scope and application of this course. To access the application of this course one needs to make observations. For that purpose, when we look around we find that the topic mostly discussed everywhere is the General elections which are going to be held on May 11, 2013 in which vote casting hot topic  in news, social media and  other public domains. Among many, six  are the popular parties that are very hopeful for their success in upcoming elections for their manifesto. However, the general public seems divided in terms of vote casting on  its own several  factors. People have different  intention and preferences to cast vote for a particular party. Some of the major factors that can become cause of  vote casting  are; party affiliation, ethnicity and age. Majority of the people also want to cast vote in order to endorse the party’s ideology. Some are intended towards issues country is currently  facing and want to cast vote to solve those issues. Besides the above mentioned factors, there are certain other aspects that can either enhance or modify the intention of public to cast vote. These aspects are; promotional campaigns of parties and fear of terrorism (which can reduce the number of votes). Politics in Pakistan is assumed to be uncertain; however, above mentioned factors can develop varying  intentions  of people regarding vote casting.  Anyhow, if the upcoming election held on due date successfully and whatever the results of these election come but one  thing is positive outcome and that is the continuity of the democracy is prevailing in the country.

ACTIVITY 
After reading the above scenario carefully, answer the following questions precisely and appropriately.


1.  Determine five independent variables and give justification.    05
2.  Determine dependent variable/s and give justification.    02
3.  Determine moderating variable/s and give justification.    04
4.  Make a directional hypothesis.          03
5.  Make a descriptive hypothesis.          03
6.  If you as a researcher want to predict which political party will be successful in election then what method of data collection you will use and what will be the time dimension?          03

SOLUTION FORMAT

Sr #	Questions	Solution	Marks	Marks awarded
1	Determine 5 independent variables and give justification.		05
2	Determine dependent variable/s and give justification.		02
3	Determine moderating variable/s and give justification.		04
4	Make a directional hypothesis.		03
5	Make a descriptive hypothesis.		03
6	If you as a researcher want to predict which political party will be successful in election then what method of data collection you will use and what will be the time dimension?		1.5+ 1.5 =3
	Total Marks		20

STEP WISE SOLUTION GUIDELINES 

Step 1:  
Read the scenario generally in order to understand it.
Step 2:  
Read the questions.
Step 3:  
Relate the concepts asked in the questions with the recommended books.
Step 4:  
Once you have grabbed the concepts clearly then try to find the answers from the given scenario

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(ENG401)

        Introduction to Literature: Short Story and Poetry

Spring2013

Assignment No. 1                   

Total Marks: 15

Objective:

To assess students’ knowledge of the literary genres, literary terms, their usage and difference

Instructions:

1. Late assignment will not be accepted.
2. If the file is corrupt or problematic, it will be awarded zero.
3. Plagiarism will NOT be tolerated. Plagiarism occurs when a student uses work done by someone else as if it were his or her own; however, taking the ideas from different sources and to express it in your own words does not fall in this category.
4. No assignment will be accepted via e-mail.
5. The file should be in Word doc form, the font color should be preferably black and font size should be 12 Times New Roman.

Q1. What do you understand by the term “Point of View” with reference to short story? Mention the ‘Point of View’ against each story listed below.         (5 = 1+4)

1.      The Gift of Magi

2.      The Last Leaf

3.      The Happy Prince    

4.      The Nightingale and the Rose  

Q2. What is the importance of a title in story writing? How do you think O Henry’s titles are distinct in comparison to other short story writers? Evaluate, compare and contrast the titles of ‘The Gift of Magi’ and “The Last Leaf” and discuss how these titles create echo effect in the respective stories.                                              (10 = 1+2+4+3)

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Human processor model
Human processor model or MHP (Model Human Processor) is a cognitive modeling method used to calculate how long it takes to perform a certain task. Other cognitive modeling methods include parallel design, GOMS, and KLM (human-computer interaction).


The human processor model uses the cognitive, perceptual, and motor processors along with the visual image, working memory, and long term memory storages. A diagram is shown below. Each processor has a cycle time and each memory has a decay time. These values are also included below. By following the connections diagrammed below, along with the associated cycle or decay times, the time it takes a user to perform a certain task can be calculated

How To Calculate
The calculations depend on the ability to break down every step of a task into the basic process level. The more detailed the analysis the more accurate the model will be to predict human performance. The method for determining processes can be broken down into the following steps.
Write out main steps based on: a working prototype, simulation, step by step walk-through of all steps
Clearly identify the specific task and method to accomplish that task
For each final step identify sub-levels down to a basic process (in the diagram or chart below)
Convert into pseudo code (writing out methods for each step)
List all assumptions (will be helpful as multiple iterations are completed)
Determine time of each operation (based on the table below)
Determine if operation times should be adjusted (slower for elderly, disability, unfamiliarity, etc.)
Sum up execution times
Iterate as needed and check with prototyping if possible

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