Research Method (STA 630) Success Objectives
1- Hypothesis refers to
A. The outcome of an experiment
B. A conclusion drawn from an experiment
C. A form of bias in which the subject tries to outguess the experimenter
D. A tentative statement about the relationship
2- Statistics is used by researchers to
A. Analyze the empirical data collected in a study
B. Make their findings sound better
C. Operationally define their variables
D. Ensure the study comes out the way it was intended
3- A literature review requires
A. Planning
B. Good & clear writing
C.
D. All of the above
4- A literature review is based on the assumption that
A. Copy from the work of others
B. Knowledge accumulates and learns from the work of others
C. Knowledge disaccumulates
D. None of the above option
5- A theoretical framework
A. Elaborates the r/s among the variables
B. Explains the logic underlying these r/s
C. Describes the nature and direction of the r/s
D. All of the above
6- Which of the following statement is not true?
A. A research proposal is a document that presents a plan for a project
B. A research proposal shows that the researcher is capable of successfully conducting the proposed research project
C. A research proposal is an unorganized and unplanned project
D. A research proposal is just like a research report and written before the research project
7- Preliminary data collection is a part of the
Research Method (STA 630) Success Objectives
A. Descriptive research
B. Exploratory research
C. Applied research
D. Explanatory research
8- Conducting surveys is the most common method of generating
A. Primary data
B. Secondary data
C. Qualitative data
D. None of the above
9- After identifying the important variables and establishing the logical reasoning in theoretical framework, the next step in the research process is
A. To conduct surveys
B. To generate the hypothesis
C. To focus group discussions
D. To use experiments in an investigation
10- The appropriate analytical technique is determined by
A. The research design
B. Nature of the data collected
C. Nature of the hypothesis
D. Both A & B
11- Personal interviews conducted in shopping malls are known as:
a. Mall interviews
b. Mall intercept interviews
c. Brief interviews
d. None of the given options
12-WATS lines provided by long distance telephone service at fixed rates. In this regard, WATS is the abbreviation of:
e.
f. Washtenaw Area Transportation Study
g. Wide Area Telecommunications Service
h. World Air Transport Statistics
13-A list of questions which is handed over to the respondent, who reads the questions and records the answers himself is known as the:
i. Interview schedule
j. Questionnaire
k. Interview guide
l. All of the given options
14-One of the most critical stages in the survey research process is:
m. Research design
n. Questionnaire design
o. Interview design
p. Survey design
Research Method (STA 630) Success Objectives
15-Question that consists of two or more questions joined together is called a:
q. Double barreled question
r. General question
s. Accurate question
t. Confusing question
16-The number of questionnaires returned or completed divided by the total number of eligible people who were contacted or asked to participate in the survey is called the:
u. Response rate
v. Participation rate
w. Inflation rate
x. None of the given options
17-To obtain the freest opinion of the respondent, when we ask general question before a specific question then this procedure is called as the:
y. Research technique
z. Qualitative technique
aa. Funnel technique
bb. Quantitative technique
18-A small scale trial run of a particular component is known as:
cc. Pilot testing
dd. Pre-testing
ee. Lab experiments
ff. Both A & B
18-Field testing of the questionnaire shows that:
gg. Respondents are willing to co-operate
hh. Respondents are not willing to co-operate
ii. Respondents do not like any participation
jj. All of the given options
19- Service evaluation of hotels and restaurants can be done by the:
kk. Self-administered questionnaires
ll. Office assistant
mm. Manager
nn. None of the given options
20- Service evaluation of hotels and restaurants can be done by the:
oo. Self-administered questionnaires
pp. Office assistant
qq. Manager
rr. None of the given options
21-Discrete variable is also called……….
- Categorical variable
- Discontinuous variable
- Both A & B
- None of the above
22-“Officers in my organization have higher than average level of commitment” Such a hypothesis is an example of……….
A. Descriptive Hypothesis
B. Directional Hypothesis
C. Relational Hypothesis
D. All of the above
23-‘Science’ refers to……….
A. A system for producing knowledge
B. The knowledge produced by a system
C. Both A & B
D. None of the above
24-Which one of the following is not a characteristic of scientific method?
- Deterministic
Research Method (STA 630) Success Objectives
- Rationalism
- Empirical
- Abstraction
25-The theoretical framework discusses the interrelationships among the……….
A. Variables
B. Hypothesis
C. Concept
D. Theory
26-………research is based on naturalism.
A. Field research
B. Descriptive research
C. Basic research
D. Applied research
27-Personal interviews conducted in shopping malls are known as………
E. Mall interviews
F. Mall intercept interviews
G. Brief interviews
H. None of the given options
28- ……… is used to obtain the freest opinion of the respondent, by asking general question before a specific question.
I. Research technique
J. Qualitative technique
K. Funnel technique
L. Quantitative technique
29-In, ___________the interviewer and members jointly control the pace and direction of the interview.
M. Field interview
N. Telephonic interview
O. Both A and B
P. None of the given options
30-Randomization of test units is a part of ………
Q. Pretest
R. Posttest
S. Matching
T. Experiment
31- Rationalism is the application of which of the following?
A. Logic and arguments
B. Research solution
C. Reasoning
D. Previous findings
32- On which of the following, scientific knowledge mostly relies?
A. Logical understanding
B. Identification of events
C. Prior knowledge
D. All of the given options
33- Which of the following refers to research supported by measurable
evidence?
A. Opinion
B. Empiricism
C. Speculation
D. Rationalism
34-Research method is applicable in all of the following fields, EXCEPT;
A. Health care
B. Religion
Research Method (STA 630) Success Objectives
C. Business
D. Government offices
35- All of the following are true statements about action research, EXCEPT;
A. Data are systematically analyzed
B. Data are collected systematically
C. Results are generalizable
D. Results are used to improve practice
36-Which of the following is characteristic of action research?
A. Variables are tightly controlled
B. Results are generalizable
C. Data are usually qualitative
D. Results demonstrate cause-and-effect relationships
37-If a researcher is studying the effect of using laptops in his classroom to ascertain their merit and worth; he is likely conducting which of the following types of research?
A. Experimental
B. Applied
C. Basic
D. Evaluation
38- Exploratory research addresses which of the following types of question?
A. If
B. How
C. Why
D. What
39- Which of the following is not the source for getting information for exploratory research?
A. Content analysis
B. Survey
C. Case study
D. Pilot study
40- Which of the following is the main quality of a good theory?
A. A theory that has survived attempts at falsification
B. A theory that is proven to be right
C. A theory that has been disproved
D. A theory that has been falsified
41- A variable that is presumed to cause a change in another variable is known as:
A. Discontinuous variable
B. Dependent variable
C. Independent variable
D. Intervening variable
42- Which of the following is the opposite of a variable?
A. An extraneous variable
B. A dependent variable
C. A data set
D. A constant
43- Which of the following is not a concept?
A. Leadership
B. Total Quality Management
C. Intelligence Quotient (IQ)
D. Human Resource Management
44- Which of the following can best be described as a categorical variable?
A. Age
B. Annual income
C. Grade point average
D. Religion
Research Method (STA 630) Success Objectives
45-“Income distribution of employees” in a specific organization is an example of which of following type of variable?
A. Discontinuous variable
B. Continuous variable
C. Dependent variable
D. Independent variable
46-“There is no relationship between higher motivation level and higher efficiency” is an example of which type of hypothesis?
A. Alternative
B. Null
C. Co relational
D. Research
47- Which of the following is not a role of hypothesis?
A. Guides the direction of the study
B. Determine feasibility of conducting the study
C. Identifies relevant and irrelevant facts
D. Provides framework for organizing the conclusions
48-Hypothesis test may also be called as:
A. Informal test
B. Significance test
C. Moderating test
D. T-test
49-Which type of review compares how different theories address an issue?
A. Context review
B. Integrated review
C. Theoretical review
D. Methodological review
50-After you locate a source, you should write down all details of the reference, EXCEPT;
A. Volumes
B. Titles
C. Price
D. Full names of the authors
51- ___________research is based on naturalism.
A. Field research
B. Descriptive research
C. Basic research
D. Applied research
52- Personal interviews conducted in shopping malls are known as_________
A. Mall interviews
B. Mall intercepts interviews
C. Brief interviews
D. None of the given options
53- ____________is used to obtain the freest opinion of the respondent, by asking
general question before a specific question.
A. Research technique
B. Qualitative technique
C. Funnel technique
D. Quantitative technique
54- In, ____________the interviewer and members jointly control the pace and
direction of the interview.
A. Field interview
B. Telephonic interview
C. Both A and B
D. None of the given options
Research Method (STA 630) Success Objectives
55- Randomization of test units is a part of ______________
A. Pretest
B. Posttest
C. Matching
D. Experiment
56- Which one of the following sets is the measure of central tendency?
a. Mean, standard deviation, mode
b. Mean, median, standard deviation
c. Arithmetic mean, median, mode
d. Standard deviation, internal validity, mode
57- Internal validity refers to.
a. Researcher’s degree of confidence.
b. Generalisability
c. Operationalization
d. All of the above
58- How many times the students appear in the research class is the example of _________.
a. Intensity
b. Space
c. Frequency
d. Direction
59- Time consumed in mall intercept interview is .
a. High
b. Moderate
c. Low
d. Nil
60- Departmental stores selected to test a new merchandising display system is
the example of .
a. Quota sampling
b. Convenience sampling
c. Judgmental sampling
d. Purposive sampling
61- In ___________, the researcher attempts to control and/ or manipulate the variables in
the study.
1. Experiment
2. Hypothesis
3. Theoretical framework
4. Research design
62- In an experimental research study, the primary goal is to isolate and identify the effect
produced by the ____.
1. Dependent variable
2. Extraneous variable
3. Independent variable
4. Confounding variable
63- A measure is reliable if it provides consistent ___________.
1. Hypothesis
2. Results
3. Procedure
4. Sensitivity
64- The interview in which questions are already prepared is called ________.
1. Telephonic interview
2. Personal interview
Research Method (STA 630) Success Objectives
3. Unstructured interview
4. Structured interview
65-The numerical description that describe sample may be expected to differ from those
that describe population because of random fluctuations inherent in sampling process.
1. Sampling design
2. Non-probability sampling
3. Sampling error
4. Probability sampling
66- In ______________ , each population element has a known and equal chance of
selection.
1. Purposive sampling
2. Quota sampling
3. Stratified sampling
4. Simple random sampling
67- ______ is the evidence that the instrument, techniques, or process used to measure
concept does indeed measure the intended concepts.
1. Reliability
2. Replicability
3. Scaling
4. Validity
68- A researcher is interested in studying why the “new math” of the 1960s failed. She interviews several teachers who used the new math during the 1960s. These teachers are considered as:
1. Primary sources
2. Secondary Sources
3. External critics
4. Internal critics
69- Which of the following is NOT true about stratified random sampling?
1. It involves a random selection process from identified subgroups
2. Proportions of groups in the sample must always match their population
proportions
3. Disproportional stratified random sampling is especially helpful for getting large
enough subgroup samples when subgroup comparisons are to be done
4. Proportional stratified random sampling yields a representative sample
70- Experimental design is the only appropriate design where_________ relationship can
be established.
1. Strong
2. Linear
3. Weak
4. Cause and Effect
71. Discrete variable is also called……….
- Categorical variable
- Discontinuous variable
- Both A & B
- None of the above
72.“Officers in my organization have higher than average level of commitment”
Such a hypothesis is an example of……….
E. Descriptive Hypothesis
F. Directional Hypothesis
G. Relational Hypothesis
H. All of the above
73.‘Science’ refers to……….
E. A system for producing knowledge
Research Method (STA 630) Success Objectives
F. The knowledge produced by a system
G. Both A & B
H. None of the above
74.Which one of the following is not a characteristic of scientific method?
- Deterministic
- Rationalism
- Empirical
- Abstraction
73.The theoretical framework discusses the interrelationships among the……….
E. Variables
F. Hypothesis
G. Concept
H. Theory
74.………research is based on naturalism.
U. Field research
V. Descriptive research
W. Basic research
X. Applied research
75.Personal interviews conducted in shopping malls are known as………
Y. Mall interviews
Z. Mall intercept interviews
AA. Brief interviews
BB. None of the given options
76.……… is used to obtain the freest opinion of the respondent, by asking general question before a specific question.
CC. Research technique
DD. Qualitative technique
EE. Funnel technique
FF. Quantitative technique
77.In, ……… the interviewer and members jointly control the pace and direction of the interview.
GG.Field interview
HH. Telephonic interview
II. Both A and B
JJ. None of the given options
78.Randomization of test units is a part of ………
KK. Pretest
LL. Posttest
MM. Matching
NN. Experiment
79. In ___________, the researcher attempts to control and/ or manipulate the variables in the study.
1. Experiment
2. Hypothesis
3. Theoretical framework
4. Research design
80. In an experimental research study, the primary goal is to isolate and identify the effect produced by the ____.
1. Dependent variable
2. Extraneous variable
3. Independent variable
4. Confounding variable
81. A measure is reliable if it provides consistent ___________.
Research Method (STA 630) Success Objectives
1. Hypothesis
2. Results
3. Procedure
4. Sensitivity
82. The interview in which questions are already prepared is called ________.
1. Telephonic interview
2. Personal interview
3. Unstructured interview
4. Structured interview
83. The numerical description that describe sample may be expected to differ from those that describe population because of random fluctuations inherent in sampling process.
1. Sampling design
2. Non-probability sampling
3. Sampling error
4. Probability sampling
84. In ______________ , each population element has a known and equal chance of
selection.
1. Purposive sampling
2. Quota sampling
3. Stratified sampling
4. Simple random sampling
85. ______ is the evidence that the instrument, techniques, or process used to measure concept does indeed measure the intended concepts.
1. Reliability
2. Replicability
3. Scaling
4. Validity
86. A researcher is interested in studying why the “new math” of the 1960s failed. She interviews several teachers who used the new math during the 1960s. These teachers are considered as:
1. Primary sources
2. Secondary Sources
3. External critics
4. Internal critics
87. Which of the following is NOT true about stratified random sampling?
1. It involves a random selection process from identified subgroups
2. Proportions of groups in the sample must always match their population
proportions
3. Disproportional stratified random sampling is especially helpful for getting large
enough subgroup samples when subgroup comparisons are to be done
4. Proportional stratified random sampling yields a representative sample
88. Experimental design is the only appropriate design where_________ relationship can be established.
1. Strong
2. Linear
3. Weak
4. Cause and Effect
89. Rationalism is the application of which of the following?
A. Logic and arguments
B. Research solution
C. Reasoning
D. Previous findings
90. On which of the following, scientific knowledge mostly relies?
A. Logical understanding
B. Identification of events
Research Method (STA 630) Success Objectives
C. Prior knowledge
D. All of the given options
91. Which of the following refers to research supported by measurable
evidence?
A. Opinion
B. Empiricism
C. Speculation
D. Rationalism
92. Research method is applicable in all of the following fields, EXCEPT;
A. Health care
B. Religion
C. Business
D. Government offices
93. All of the following are true statements about action research, EXCEPT;
A. Data are systematically analyzed
B. Data are collected systematically
C. Results are generalizable
D. Results are used to improve practice
94. Which of the following is characteristic of action research?
A. Variables are tightly controlled
B. Results are generalizable
C. Data are usually qualitative
D. Results demonstrate cause-and-effect relationship
95. If a researcher is studying the effect of using laptops in his classroom to
ascertain their merit and worth, he is likely conducting which of the
following types of research?
A. Experimental
B. Applied
C. Basic
D. Evaluation
96. Exploratory research addresses which of the following types of
question?
A. If
B. How
C. Why
D. What
97. Which of the following is not the source for getting information for
exploratory research?
A. Content analysis
B. Survey
C. Case study
D. Pilot study
98. Which of the following is the main quality of a good theory?
A. A theory that has survived attempts at falsification
B. A theory that is proven to be right
C. A theory that has been disproved
D. A theory that has been falsified
100. Which of the following is not a concept?
A. Leadership
B. Total Quality Management
C. Intelligence Quotient (IQ)
D. Human Resource Management
101. A variable that is presumed to cause a change in another variable is
known as:
Research Method (STA 630) Success Objectives
A. Discontinuous variable
B. Dependent variable
C. Independent variable
D. Intervening variable
102. Which of the following is the opposite of a variable?
A. An extraneous variable
B. A dependent variable
C. A data set
D. A constant
103. Which of the following can best be described as a categorical
variable?
A. Age
B. Annual income
C. Grade point average
D. Religion
104. “Income distribution of employees” in a specific organization is an
example of which of following type of variable?
A. Discontinuous variable
B. Continuous variable
C. Dependent variable
D. Independent variable
105. “There is no relationship between higher motivation level and higher
efficiency” is an example of which type of hypothesis?
A. Alternative
B. Null
C. Correlational
D. Research
106. Which of the following is not a role of hypothesis?
A. Guides the direction of the study
B. Determine feasibility of conducting the study
C. Identifies relevant and irrelevant facts
D. Provides framework for organizing the conclusions
107. Which type of review compares how different theories address an issue?
A. Context review
B. Integrated review
C. Theoretical review
D. Methodological review
108. After you locate a source, you should write down all details of the
reference, EXCEPT;
A. Volumes
B. Titles
C. Price
D. Full names of the authors
109. What is the primary focus of establishment surveys in this case study?
A. Collect the data through past studies
B. Analyze the literature review
C. Using of quantitative techniques
D. Data collection through mail and Interview
110. Which one of following is generally common in establishment survey and household survey?
A. Cognitive recall
B. Homogenous respondents
C. Error free
D. Response burden
Research Method (STA 630) Success Objectives
111. Which one of the following is not of important consideration in establishment survey while designing questionnaires?
A. Response burden
B. Professional terminology
C. Cognitive recall
D. Use of Records
112. Which of the following method of data collection is not discussed in the case study?
A. Questionnaires
B. Interviews
C. Mail survey
D. Observations
113. Which of the following sampling technique is used for Employee Turnover and Job Openings survey?
A. Simple random sampling
B. Cluster sampling
C. Stratified sampling
D. Convenience sampling
114. Which one of the following is the limitation of establishment survey in this case study?
A. Cost
B. Limited data
C. Unskilled interviewer
D. Small sample size
115. Which of the following is not the part of specific protocol of focus groups in ETJO?
A. Concept and indicators
B. Definition
C. Availability of records
D. Cognitive recall
116. Which of the following is the draw back of pretest interview in ETJO survey?
A. Small simple size
B. Non cooperative response
C. Probing
D. Questionnaire format
117. Which of the following method of data collection is not used in the case study?
A. Questionnaires
B. Focus groups
C. Correlational method
D. Secondary data
118. What is the basic purpose of ETJO survey?
A. To assess the feasibility of collecting job-vacancy and turnover data by
occupation
B. To analyze the problem of labor shortage
C. To assess the motivation level of employees
D. To analyze the factor contributing towards employee turnover
119. Which of the following is the basic purpose of pretest interview in this case study?
A. To identified the potential problem
B. To know the sample size
C. To develop the questionnaire
D. To use agency representative
120. Which one of the following sampling type is used in operations test to select the
units?
A. Simple random sampling
Research Method (STA 630) Success Objectives
B. Cluster sampling
C. Quota sampling
D. Judgment sampling
121. Which of the following is the basic purpose of Response analysis survey in the case study?
A. To assess the quality of ETJO survey data
B. To know the sample size of ETJO survey data
C. To develop the questionnaire for ETJO
D. To use agency representative for ETJO
122. After Operation test, which of the following test findings were suggested by the
researcher?
A. Need of highly skilled and well trained interviewer
B. Sample size should be increased
C. A decent increase in survey budget
D. Focus group should be included
123. In which one of the following stage researcher consult the literature?
A. Operation test
B. Response analysis survey
C. Document design analysis
D. Pretest interviews
124. Which one of the following sampling type is used in Response analysis survey
(RAS)?
A. Simple random sampling
B. Cluster sampling
C. Quota sampling
D. Stratified sampling
125. Which one of the following could be helpful for minimizing the bias in this case
study?
A. Cognitive research
B. Focus group
C. Pretest Interview
D. Response analysis survey
126. Which one of the following is useful in assessing and clarifying concepts and
definitions at the beginning stages of questionnaire?
A. Operation test
B. Document design analysis
C. Focus group
D. Response analysis survey
127. Which one of the following can be more helpful than others in order to determine the exact source of measurement errors in establishment survey?
A. Focus group
B. Operation test
C. Response analysis survey
D. Document design analysis
Identify the ‘True’ and ‘False’ statements. (05)
(1) Review of literature shows the incredibility of the body of knowledge and identifies the points at which the researcher made the research area ambiguous and unclear. (False)
(2) The literature survey provides a solid foundation for developing the theoretical framework. (True)
(3) The hypothesis should not only be specific to a place and situation but also these should be narrowed down with respect to its operation. (True )
(4) A cohort analysis is similar to cross-sectional research. (False)
Research Method (STA 630) Success Objectives
(5) A literature review does not consider the prior studies, their agreements or disagreements in the field. (False)
Fill in the blanks with appropriate words.
(1) Research hypothesis is formulated by the researcher which suggests the nature of relationship i.e. the direction of relationship.
(2) Correlational hypothesis merely states that the variables occur together and does not imply that one causes the other.
(3) Longitudinal type of research examine feature of any unit at more than one time.
(4) Historical review traces the development of an idea or shows how a particular issue or theory has evolved over time.
(5) Discontinuous variable is also known as discrete/ categorical/ classificatory variable.
6. Validity problems occur when the researcher’s theoretical definition does not
match that of the government agency or organization that collected the
information.
7. Reliability problems occur when official definition or the method of collecting
Information changes over time.
8. Secondary data refer to information gathered by someone other than the
researcher conducting the present study.
9. Experiments are best for topics where the researcher controls a situation and
manipulates an Independent variable.
10. A social indicator is any measure of wellbeing used in policy.
11.Two power bases of scientific knowledge are Empiricism and Rationalism
12.Action research is a type of Applied research
13.Three types of longitudinal research are time series, panel, and cohort
14.The research proposal is just like a research report, but it is written before the research project begins.
15.Natural science concepts are often expressed in symbolic forms.
16.The double blind experiment is designed to control experimenter expectancy.
17.Pilot testing is also called pre-testing.
18.The totality, out of which sample is drawn is referred to as population.
19.The physical setting of the interview creates Situational bias.
20.Probing is the verbal prompts made by field worker.
Long Questions:
Q1. Write any five similarities of Historical-Comparative research and Field
research?
Answer:
1. Both H-C research and field research recognize that the researcher’s point of view
is an avoidable part of research. Both involve interpretation, which introduce the
interpreter’s location in time, place, and world-view.
2. Both field and H-C research examine a great diversity of data. In both the
research becomes immersed in data to gain an emphatic understanding of events
and people.
3. Both field and H-C research often use grounded theory (theory usually emerges
during the process of data collection.)
4. Both field and H-C research involves a type of translation. The researcher’s
meaning system usually differs from that of people he or she studies, but he or she
Research Method (STA 630) Success Objectives
tries to penetrate and understand their point of view.
5. Both field and H-C research focus on action, process, and sequence and see time
process as essential.
6. Generalization and theory are limited in field and H-C research.
Q2. How quantitative and qualitative techniques are applied in Historical-
Comparative research.
Answer:
Quantitative approach
The quantitative techniques with some minor adjustment can be applied to study the past
or other cultures.
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